Environmental impact following chemical contamination:

1. Environmental impact following chemical contamination: The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain A

2. Environmental impact following chemical contamination: The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain A

3. Environmental impact following chemical contamination: The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain A Authors: • Jose Manuel López Abuin • General Practitioner • Primary Care Health Center of Padrón • Director of the Institute of Rural Health • Juan Ramón García Cepeda • General Practitioner • Emergency Care Center of Boiro • PHS of the Institute of Rural Health

4. Environmental impact following chemical contamination: The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain A Authors: • Jose Manuel López Abuin • General Practitioner • Primary Care Health Center of Padrón • Director of the Institute of Rural Health • Juan Ramón García Cepeda • General Practitioner • Emergency Care Center of Boiro • PHS of the Institute of Rural Health

5. Environmental impact following chemical contamination: The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain A Authors: • Jose Manuel López Abuin • General Practitioner • Primary Care Health Center of Padrón • Director of the Institute of Rural Health • Juan Ramón García Cepeda • General Practitioner • Emergency Care Center of Boiro • PHS of the Institute of Rural Health

6. Environmental impact following chemical contamination: The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain A Authors: • Jose Manuel López Abuin • General Practitioner • Primary Care Health Center of Padrón • Director of the Institute of Rural Health • Juan Ramón García Cepeda • General Practitioner • Emergency Care Center of Boiro • PHS of the Institute of Rural Health Prestige

7. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A • 13 November 2002, • Oil tanker Prestige (Bahamian flag) • 77,000 tons of heavy fuel oil with a high sulphur content: • Issued an SOS off Cape Finisterre, as it was navigating at the mercy of the sea. • The crew was evacuated and the tanker towed: • impossible to take it into a safe harbour, • it was decided to tow it out to sea.

8. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A

9. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A Weather conditions: very extreme,

10. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A A crack appeared in the hull and gradually became larger

11. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A Until the vessel split in half, six days after, (19 Nov)

12. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A at a distance of 130 miles from Cape Finisterre 19 November

13. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A The stern sunk four hours after

14. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A • And the bow four hours later

15. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A

16. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A • Result:

17. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A • Result: • thousands of tons of heavy fuel oil were spilled, in addition to the vessel’s own fuel.

18. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A • November – December:

19. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A • November – December: • a number of “black tides” reached the Galician coastline

20. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A The sea, the day of the first impacts: 16-17 Nov

21. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A New impacts, one week after (Nov 23) (Nov 24)

22. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A The Asturian and west Galician coast, 10 days after the disaster

23. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A New impacts, Nov 30 New impacts, Dec 1 The ship’s sinking area 15 days after the disaster

24. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A Evolution of black tides in the first 15 days

25. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A Dec 4 Dec 7 Dec 11 New impacts on the shore, December (30-50 days after) Dec 14 Dec 21 Dec 28

26. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A January 11 January 18 January 25 60-90 days after the disaster February 1 February 8 February 15

27. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A March 1 March 15 April 5 100-180 days after the disaster April 19 May 3 May 17

28. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A • Response: • fishermen tried to remove all of the oil they could by using their bare hands or any kind of tool available

29. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A • Response: • in order to prevent it from reaching the shore and entering into the Galician Estuaries (very rich in seafood).

30. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A • At the same time wave after wave of volunteers

31. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A • At the same time wave after wave of volunteers,by the thousands, kept arriving from all Spain and also some foreign countries,

32. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A • At the same time wave after wave of volunteers,by the thousands, kept arriving from all Spain and also some foreign countries, in order to cleanup the coastline.

33. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A • At the same time wave after wave of volunteers,by the thousands, kept arriving from all Spain and also some foreign countries, in order to cleanup the coastline: • a unique experience

34. The accident with the Prestige ship in Galicia, Spain INTRODUCTION A • At the same time wave after wave of volunteers,by the thousands, kept arriving from all Spain and also some foreign countries, in order to cleanup the coastline: • a unique experience

35. What could happen with this manipulation to the people? A • High toxicity: • (Russians): heavy fuel oil no. 2 or (British): no. 6 or hold fuel • used basically for industrial purposes (thermal power stations, furnaces, etc.) • obtained from residual fuel oil mixed with gas oil and diesel oil • high sulphur content (2.58%) • polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), other hydrocarbons and heavy metals • characterised by its • low volatility and solubility in water, • high viscosity and adherence and a • very lengthy degradation time

36. What could happen with this manipulation to the people? A • High toxicity: • Hydrocarbons with high sulphur content (PHAs) • Taking account the: • composition of the product, • the intensity and duration of the contact, • the pathway of entry, • the individual characteristics of the person exposed • It can enter our bodies by: • inhalation, affecting the respiratory and digestive tracts, or by • direct contact with the skin and mucous membranes

37. What could happen with this manipulation to the people? A • High toxicity: • Hydrocarbons with high sulphur content (PHAs) • Taking account the: • composition of the product, • the intensity and duration of the contact, • the pathway of entry, • the individual characteristics of the person exposed • It can enter our bodies by: • inhalation, affecting the respiratory and digestive tracts, or by • direct contact with the skin and mucous membranes A MENACE TO HEALTH

38. Who did provide health care for volunteers? A

39. Who did provide health care for volunteers? A • In Galicia, Health Care for volunteers was provided:

40. Who did provide health care for volunteers? A • In Galicia, Health Care for volunteers was provided: • in 151 Health Centers, • 35 Outpatient Emergency Services, • 3 field Hospitals, and the • Hospital Vessel “Galicia”.

41. Who did provide health care for volunteers? A • In Galicia, Health Care for volunteers was provided: • in 151 Health Centers, • 35 Outpatient Emergency Services, • 3 field Hospitals, and the • Hospital Vessel “Galicia”. • The total ammount of General Practitioners involved was of 855.

42. What did our Group do? A • Coordinators: • García-Cepeda JR, • López-Abuin JM • Local coordinators: • Caulonga E, • Fachado B, • Pedreño I, • Gil M, • Quintas, JC • Primary Care Health Centers and Primary Care Emergency Services of: • Rianxo, • Boiro, • Póboa do Caramiñal, • Riveira, • Porto do Son, • Noya, • Padrón and • Muros

43. What did our Group do? PROCEDURE A

44. What did our Group do? PROCEDURE A • Seeing initial volunteer morbidity and to prevent more health problems, our Group:

45. What did our Group do? PROCEDURE A • Seeing initial volunteer morbidity and to prevent more health problems, our Group: • Distributed in all spanish northern and western coast’s Health Centers, 15 days after, 35.000 informative triptyches destinated to volunteers containing preventive fuel cleanup measures,

46. What did our Group do? PROCEDURE A • Seeing initial volunteer morbidity and to prevent more health problems, our Group: • Distributed in all spanish northern and western coast’s Health Centers, 15 days after, 35.000 informative triptyches destinated to volunteers containing preventive fuel cleanup measures, • Distributed informative bulletines to General Practitioners,

47. What did our Group do? PROCEDURE A • Seeing initial volunteer morbidity and to prevent more health problems, our Group: • Distributed in all spanish northern and western coast’s Health Centers, 15 days after, 35.000 informative triptyches destinated to volunteers containing preventive fuel cleanup measures, • Distributed informative bulletines to General Practitioners, • Celebrated press. TV and radio conferences, professional and non-professional notices,

48. What did our Group do? PROCEDURE A • Seeing initial volunteer morbidity and to prevent more health problems, our Group: • Distributed in all spanish northern and western coast’s Health Centers, 15 days after, 35.000 informative triptyches destinated to volunteers containing preventive fuel cleanup measures, • Distributed informative bulletines to General Practitioners, • Celebrated press. TV and radio conferences, professional and non-professional notices, • Studies were made by our Group. Some have not yet concluded (long-term surveys).

49. What did our Group do? PROCEDURE A • Seeing initial volunteer morbidity and to prevent more health problems, our Group: • Distributed in all spanish northern and western coast’s Health Centers, 15 days after, 35.000 informative triptyches destinated to volunteers containing preventive fuel cleanup measures, • Distributed informative bulletines to General Practitioners, • Celebrated press. TV and radio conferences, professional and non-professional notices, • Studies were made by our Group. Some have not yet concluded (long-term surveys). • The most important one (Dr. García-Cepeda and Dr. López Abuin) is showed next:

50. Our main study: Coordinators: • García-Cepeda JR • López-Abuin JM Primary Care Health Centers and Primary Care Emergency Services of: • Rianxo, • Boiro, • Póboa do Caramiñal, • Riveira, • Porto do Son, • Noia, • Padrón and • Muros