Icebreaker

1. Icebreaker • Take out signed syllabus and pass to the front • Prior Knowledge??? What are some causes to the start of WWI?

2. Long Term Causes of WWI The causes of WWI can be explained through the acronym M.A.N.I.A Militarism – countries expanded their armies, competing to build battleships Alliances – All the major powers, were linked, made it more likely that a war would start, made it more likely war would spread Nationalism – an age that all nations wanted to assert their power and independence Imperialism – All the great powers were competing for colonies and territories Assassination – Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hungary in Serbia

3. Militarism • All European states had concluded that large military forces were essential for their national existence • One, two, or even three years of service became mandatory • Each of the Continental Great Powers had not only a huge army but a huge standing civilian army • Naval competition between Germany and Great Britain…needed to protect their colonies, secure foreign trade and for the general purpose of greatness

4. Triple Alliance versus Triple Entente • Starting in 1870 Germany embarked on an industrial revolution of their own..(A “place in the sun”) • German merchants started to appear in foreign markets around the same time offering goods cheaper than those of the British • Germany turned up as a colonial rival of Britain and France in Africa, Middle East, and Far East • Otto von Bismarck of Germany formed a military alliance in 1879 with Austria-Hungary to which Italy was added in 1882 forming the Triple Alliance • The French faced by the Triple Alliance soon signed the Franco-Russian Alliance in 1894 • Thus the continent was divided into two opposed camps

5. France & Great Britain • Traditionally Britain practiced “Splendid Isolation” • French recognized Britain occupation of Egypt, and Britain recognized French penetration of Morocco • Agreed to support each other against protests by third parties • By 1907 Britain, France, and Russia were acting together forming the Triple Entente

6. Crisis in Morocco & the Balkans • Germany was eager to test how far the British would go in support of France • Kaiswer William II was in favor of Moroccan independence (mainly to break up understanding between France & Britain) • The Old Ottoman Empire was ethnically and religiously divided • First Balkan Crisis – Austria proclaimed annexation of Bosnia…this angered the Serbs who had marked Bosnia their own

7. The Sarajevo Crisis • On June 28th, 1914 GravriloPrincip of the Black Hand of Serbia assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand in the streets of Sarajevo, the Bosnian capital, in the Austrian Empire • The Archduke would have soon become the emperor of • Austria gave Serbia an ultimatum demanding that Austrian officials be permitted to collaborate in investigating and punishing those responsible for the assassination • The Serbs rejected and the system of alliances would come into effect…

8. Sequence of events that led to the outbreak of European war in 1914 • June 28, 1914: In Sarajevo a Serbian nationalist/terrorist assassinated Austrian Archduke Ferdinand (the heir to the throne of Austria) and his wife •  July 27, 1914: Austria invades Serbia causing Russia a secret ally of Serbia to mobilize for war • August 1, 1914: Germany, an ally of Austria, declared war on Russia • August 3, 1914: Germany, declared war on France and invades Belgium (as the fastest way for the German Army to reach Paris) • August 4, 1914: Great Britain, ally of France, declared war on Germany