TASER ® Electronic Control Devices (ECDs) -- Numbers

1. TASER® Electronic Control Devices (ECDs) -- Numbers Michael Brave, Esq., M.S. National/International Litigation Counsel, TASER International, Inc. President, LAAW International, Inc. Email – brave@laaw.com Telephone – (651) 248-2809 E-fax – (480) 275-3291 ECD Legal Resources Website – www.ecdlaw.info ICD Resources – www.incustodydeath.com

2. Numbers: Putting Things Into Perspective

3. Basic ECD deployment numbers: • (06/30/10) TASER® ECDs: • 499,000 worldwide • 15,500 law enforcement and military agencies • 6,400 agencies deploy to all patrol officers • in more than 40 countries • since 1993, more than 221,000 to the general public • (07/31/10) TASER ECD applications to humans: • 2,177,000 + - total ECD human applications • 1,070,785 ± 2% - field use/suspect applications • 1,107,033 ± 7% - training/voluntary applications

4. Basics (of force) Numbers: (US) Societal problems influencing force response increases): • Current Illicit Drug Abusers (CIDA) increasing annually: • (2009) 21,800,000 CIDA (8.7% of population) • (2008) (8.0% of population) • (2006) 20,357,000 CIDA • (2004) 19,100,000 CIDA (7.9% of population) • (2004) 1,997,993 drug caused emergency room visits • People in serious psychological distress (SPD) annually: • (2007) 23,400,000 SPD (10.9% of adults) • (2004) 21,400,000 SPD (9.9% of adults) • Drunk or Drugged Driving (2006-2009): • 30,600,000 DUI alcohol in past year (13.2% of 16+ population) • Highest rate - Wisconsin – 23.7% of population • 10,100,000 DUI illicit drugs in the past year (4.3% of 16+)

5. Basic selected death numbers (US): • From January 1, 2000 through 2009 - over 1,250,000 people in US died from drugs, suicide, firearms, or alcohol - these deaths are increasing annually • US deaths from drugs, suicide, firearms, and alcohol: • (2007) 127,392 • (2006) 124,665 • (2005) 118,506 • (2000) 97,376 • (2006 & 2007) For every 19 people who died 1 of those 19 died from drugs, suicide, firearms, or alcohol • (2006 & 2007) For every 63 people who died 1 of those 63 died from drugs

6. Arrest-Related Deaths in the United StatesBureau of Justice StatisticsDeaths In Custody Reporting Act (DICRA) Arrest-Related Deaths (all causes) • 2006 – 710 deaths • 2005 – 679 deaths • 2004 – 670 deaths • 2003 – 627 deaths CED (temporal) (not causal) • 2006 not reported • 2005 – 24 deaths • 2004 – 9 deaths • 2003 – 3 deaths

7. Arrest-Related Deaths in the United StatesBureau of Justice StatisticsDeaths In Custody Reporting Act (DICRA)

10. United States TodayPutting the Numbers Into Perspective • Since 01/01/2000: 1,000,000+ US Deaths From 4 Causes: • Drugs (38,396 in 2006) (33,541 in 2005) (19,720 in 2000) • Suicide (33,300 in 2006) (32,637 in 2005) (29,350 in 2000) • Firearms (30,896 in 2006) (30,694 in 2005) (28,663 in 2000) • Alcohol (22,073 in 2006) (21,634 in 2005) (19,643 in 2000) • Totals            124,665 (2006) 118, 506 (2005)  97,376 (2000) • 2006 US numbers show odds of dying from drugs, suicide, alcohol, or firearm): • 1 in 2,393 – from general US population • 1 in 19 – of those who died • 1 in 63 – of those who died - died from drugs

11. United States TodayPutting the Numbers Into Perspective • More Year “2004” Numbers (Law enforcement problems?): • 21,400,000 Serious Psychological Distress (9.9% of adults) • 19,100,000 Current Illicit Drug Users (7.9% of population) • 20,357,000 (2006) current U.S. illicit drug abusers • 10,200,000 Operating Vehicles Under the Influence • 1,997,993 Drug Caused ER Visit

12. More Nos – 1999 through 2006 • 459,206+ LEOs Assaulted • 129,265 + LEOs Assaulted with Injuries • 1,026 LEOs Killed • 431 LEOs Feloniously Killed • 595 LEOs Accidentally Killed

13. 2004 ME/C Numbers(the Government’s Numbers) 2,000 Medical Examiner/Coroner offices in U.S.: • 7,320 ME/C full-time equivalent employees • $718,500,000.00 total annual budgets 2,398,000 human deaths: • 956,000 deaths referred to ME/C offices • 487,000 deaths accepted for investigation • 677 Arrest Related Deaths (“ARDs”) (all causes) • 9 ARDs involving use of CEDs

14. More Numbers • Pepper spray – of 600 uses one person dies • Force involved incident – approximately 1 in 600 will die • Jails (in-custody deaths) – from 2000 through 2007 (NIJ/BJS Report): • 8110 have died • Jail in-custody rate of death: • from 1 in 658 to 1 in 709 (depending on year) • 152 deaths per 100,000 inmates to 141 per 100,000

15. Physiologically compromised persons - elevated risks of death

16. Physiologically compromised persons - elevated risks of death: • In approximately every 600 force uses 1 person will die (serious uses of force and rough statistics) • Root causes of most physiologically compromised persons’ condition are drugs, mental illness, serious psychological distress

17. Physiologically compromised persons - elevated risks of death: There is a risk of serious injury or death from any law enforcement (LE) incident with a physiologically compromised person no matter how the encounter is handled, even the person continuing his exertion. • LE incidents with physiologically compromised persons should be treated as medical emergencies. Focus should be getting these persons captured, controlled, and restrained as quickly and safely as possible in order to prevent further injury and to expedite medical care. • ECDs are a safer means to capture, control, or restrain physiologically compromised persons since biggest threat to life is the self destructive exertion and ECD has less negative physiologic impact and is more effective in capturing, controlling, and facilitating restraint, and shortening this period of continued self-destructive exertion.

18. Physiologically compromised persons - elevated risks of death: LE and emergency medical services (EMS) need better guidance on safest, most effective methods to handle these incidents and avoid bad force-option choices • Guidelines for LE to capture, control, and facilitate and maintain restraint • Guidelines for EMS to treat • Guidelines for Medical to treat

19. Electronic Control Devices Are Not Risk Free.