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Women in Brazil & Chile

Women in Brazil & Chile. Lisa Van Dell Political Economics of Latin America March 8, 2003. Overview. Machismo & marianisma Brazil Chile. Machismo & Marianisma. Dominance vs. Virginity “Nurturing” occupations Family life. Brazil. 1970s & 1980s influx to service 70% of female workers

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Women in Brazil & Chile

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  1. Women in Brazil & Chile Lisa Van Dell Political Economics of Latin America March 8, 2003

  2. Overview • Machismo & marianisma • Brazil • Chile

  3. Machismo & Marianisma • Dominance vs. Virginity • “Nurturing” occupations • Family life

  4. Brazil

  5. 1970s & 1980s influx to service 70% of female workers 42% of male workers Economic participation 1970: 18% 1980: 27% 1990: 30% 1997: 40% of workforce 37% of managerial & administrative Brazil: Women in the Workplace

  6. Percentage of male wage earned Rio de Janeiro: 78% Sao Paulo: 74% Northeast: 64% 11-19% due to education or experience 1994 government found females earn 54% Associacao Nacional des Advogados Medicine, dentistry, engineering Brazil: Women in the Workplace

  7. Brazilian Women & Education • Access at turn of the century • Equal number of males and females • More women studying law

  8. Brazil: Women in Politics • Full voting privileges in 1933 • Under-represented in high levels • 7% of congress • 2 VP candidates • Several ministers • Conselho Nacional de Direitos da Mulher

  9. Brazilian Family Life • 1988 women equal to husbands • 2001 man cannot divorce non-virgin • Mentalities changing faster than laws

  10. Brazilian Women Today A World Bank report in 2000 stated Brazil as having “one of the widest gender wage gaps in Latin America”

  11. Chile

  12. 1850s & 1860s: urbanization 1879: Guerra del Pacifico & nursing 1887: Eloisa Diaz, 1st doctor 1892: Matilde Trup, 1st lawyer 1897-1935: 19% of graduates 1991: 27% of doctors, 48% of judges, majority of journalists Chile: Women in the Workplace

  13. Chilean Women & Education • Mid 1800s: reading, writing, sewing • 1864: Antonia Tarrago, 1st school • 1872: Isabel Pinochet, 2nd school • 1876: Pinochet & Amunatequi Decree • Today: • 50% of primary & secondary schools • 48% of higher education

  14. Chile: Women in Politics • 1949: full voting rights • 1973: Pinochet & coup • Dictatorship helped women’s rights

  15. Chilean Family Life • Center of society • Obey husband • 55% of men • 40% of women • Men help at home, women work • 72% of men • 90% of women

  16. Chilean Women Today • 1984: women benefit from work • 80% of men • 90% of women • 1991: women concentrate on home • 25% under 25 • 61% over 65 • Sevicio Nacional de Mujer

  17. Thank you! Questions?

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