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xhzhouustc 0551-3601558

2011/11/13. ???????. Chapter1.2. ????. ???????60?????????????80%?????10%????10%. 2011/11/13. ???????. Chapter1.3. ????????. ????,???????,???????John L. Hennessy, David A. Patternson, Computer Organization

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xhzhouustc 0551-3601558

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    1. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.1 ??????? ??? xhzhou@ustc.edu.cn 0551-3601558 ????????????

    2. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.2

    3. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.3 ???????? ????,???????,??????? John L. Hennessy, David A. Patternson, Computer Organization & Design : The Hardware/Software Interface, 2nd ed. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc. 1998, ???????(???)1999 David A. Patternson, John L. Hennessy, Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Apprach. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.,1996, ???????(???),1999

    4. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.4 ?1? ?? 1.1 ?? ??????? ????????? ??????????? 1.2 ???????????? 1.3 ????????

    5. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.5 ????????????

    6. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.6 ??1988???????

    7. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.7 1998???????

    8. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.8 1. ????????? Performance ??????? CMOS VLSI ??????TTL, ECL??,???????,???????? ????????????,??????????? RISC, Superscalar, VLIW, RAID, . Price ??????,???? ?? CMOS VLSI,????,??????? ?????,??? ??????,????????? Function ????,?????????,????????????

    9. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.9 2. Technology Trends: Microprocessor Capacity

    10. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.10 Memory Capacity (Single Chip DRAM)

    11. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.11 Technology Trends?(Summary)

    12. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.12 Processor frequency trend

    13. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.13 Processor Performance Trends

    14. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.14 Professor Performance

    15. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.15 Performance Trends -(Summary) ??: ??50% per year (2X / 18 months) ???: ??70% per year

    16. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.16

    17. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.17 ???????

    18. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.18 ??????? ?????????? ????????,????????????????,?????????????? ?? - PDA - 3COM Palm pilots ??????????,??????????????????

    19. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.19 ??????? Intel 4004 ???????(???)?? ??????? 95% ??????? SSH3/4 (Hitachi): best selling RISC microprocessor 50% ??????????? ???????????? Microcontrollers DSPs Media Processors Graphics Processors Network and Communication Processors

    20. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.20 ?????????? Components of Cost Area of die / yield Code density (memory is the major part of die size) Packaging Design effort Programming cost Time-to-market Reusability

    21. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.21 1.2 ????????? ????????? ????? (Instruction Set Architecture) ????????????

    22. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.22 ?????????? Computer Architecture = Instruction Set Architecture + Machine Organization + .. Instruction Set Architecuture ... the attributes of a [computing] system as seen by the programmer, i.e. the conceptual structure and functional behavior, as distinct from the organization of the data flows and controls the logic design, and the physical implementation. Amdahl, Blaaw, and Brooks, 1964

    23. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.23 ?????

    24. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.24 1950s to 1960s: ??????:?????? 1970s to 1980s?: ??????:????? 1990s: ?????????:CPU??,??????,I/O????,????,?? 2000s: ?????????:? Von-Neumann ??, ??????????? 2010s: Self Adapting Systems? Self Organizing Structures? DNA System/ Quantum Computing? ????????????

    25. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.25 ?????: a Critical Interface

    26. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.26 Digital Alpha (v1, v3) 1992-97 HP PA-RISC (v1.1, v2.0) 1986-96 Sun Sparc (v8, v9) 1987-95 SGI MIPS (MIPS I, II, III, IV, V) 1986-96 Intel (8086,80286,80386, 1978-96 80486,Pentium, MMX, ...) ???????

    27. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.27 ???? Load/Store Computational Jump and Branch Floating Point coprocessor Memory Management Special MIPS R3000 Instruction Set Architecture (Summary)

    28. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.28 ???????????? (e.g., Registers, ALU, Shifters, Logic Units, ...) ????????? ??????????? ???????????. FU?????(???ISA)ISA Register Transfer Level (RTL) ?? ????? Design state of art organization in 1990Design state of art organization in 1990

    29. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.29 The Big Picture ???????(1946???) In terms of the overall picture, by now we have covered all 5 components of the computer. Today we will talk about how to interface the I/O devices to the processor and memory via busses and the OS software. Next Wednesday, we will show you how multiple computers can be connected together with a network through the I/O devices. +1 = 5 min. (X:45)In terms of the overall picture, by now we have covered all 5 components of the computer. Today we will talk about how to interface the I/O devices to the processor and memory via busses and the OS software. Next Wednesday, we will show you how multiple computers can be connected together with a network through the I/O devices. +1 = 5 min. (X:45)

    30. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.30 Example Organization TI SuperSPARCtm TMS390Z50 in Sun SPARCstation20

    31. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.31 ?????????? ???????????????? ???????,????????????? ???????????,????????

    32. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.32 ?????????? History/Applications matters because 1) People buy computers to run programs 2) Most people don;t write own programs 3) Documented IDA interface means people ship binary machine codeHistory/Applications matters because 1) People buy computers to run programs 2) Most people don;t write own programs 3) Documented IDA interface means people ship binary machine code

    33. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.33 ???????????

    34. Chapter1.34 ????????????

    35. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.35 ???????????(?)

    36. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.36 ???????? How hard to build Importance of simplicity (wearing a seat belt); avoiding a personal disaster Theory vs. practiceHow hard to build Importance of simplicity (wearing a seat belt); avoiding a personal disaster Theory vs. practice

    37. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.37 ??-????????????? ???????????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????:????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????(Computer Implementation)????????????,????????????????,?????????,?????????????????,???????,?????,????,????????????????????????????,??,?????????????????

    38. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.38 1.3 ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????

    39. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.39 ??????? ??:??????,?? ????? ????? ?/????(performance / cost) ? ???:???????: ????????? ????? ?/????(performance / cost) ? ????? ???????????? ???????????????????????

    40. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.40 ???????

    41. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.41 ??:????????????? bigger is better ??:???????????(response time) performance(x) = 1 execution_time(x) X ???Y?n? ?? Performance(X) n = ---------------------- Performance(Y) ????

    42. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.42 ??

    43. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.43 ???????????? ????????? Amdahl?? ??????? ????? ?????

    44. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.44 ????????????? ExTime w/o E Performance w/ E Speedup(E) = -------------------- = --------------------- ExTime w/ E Performance w/o E ???????E??????????????F,???????S,???????????,? ExTime(with E) = ((1-F) + F/S) X ExTime(without E) Speedup(with E) = 1/((1-F)+F/S)) ????:?????????????????,????????????1/(1-F) Amdahl's Law

    45. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.45 ?? ??????????????????,???????????????????????200???,?????????4???????????????10%?????,?????????????40%?????,?????????????? ????????????????,?90%???????????????????????????????????10?? ???????????????100?,????????????????????? ??????????????????? ??????,???????????????????

    46. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.46 ????

    47. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.47 CPU???? Inst Count CPI Clock Rate Program X Compiler X (X) Inst. Set. X X Organization X X Technology X

    48. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.48 CPU????-CPI

    49. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.49 CPI???? Base Machine (Reg / Reg) Op Freq CPIi CPIi*Fi (% Time) ALU 50% 1 .5 (33%) Load 20% 2 .4 (27%) Store 10% 2 .2 (13%) Branch 20% 2 .4 (27%) 1.5

    50. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.50 ??????-???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????????????????? ????? ???100??? ?????? ??????????????,??????,???????????? SPEC????

    51. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.51 Eighteen application benchmarks (with inputs) reflecting a technical computing workload Eight integer go, m88ksim, gcc, compress, li, ijpeg, perl, vortex Ten floating-point intensive tomcatv, swim, su2cor, hydro2d, mgrid, applu, turb3d, apsi, fppp, wave5 Must run with standard compiler flags eliminate special undocumented incantations that may not even generate working code for real programs SPEC95????

    52. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.52 ????????? ?? MIPS:???????? MIPS = IC/(CPI*IC*T*106)=1/(CPI*T *106) ?? (1)MIPS?????? (2)???????,MIPS????????,?????? (3)MIPS??????? ??????load-store????,???????????ALU ????????50%,?????????F = 500MHZ ALU ( 43% 1) loads (21% 2) stores (12% 2) Branches (24% 2) MFLOPS ????????,????????????????MFLOPS?????,???????????????CRAY-2??????,Motorola 68882? SPEC??

    53. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.53 ????

    54. 2011/11/13 ??????? Chapter1.54 ????(?) Amdahls ??: CPI Law: ????????????????,?????

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