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Figure 8.1 A simple strain gage. Figure 8.2 Foil strain gage. Figure 8.3 Orientation of strain gages in common rosettes: (a) rectangular; (b) equiangular. Figure 8.4 Strain-gage rosette. Figure 8.5 Constant-voltage Wheatstone bridge.
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Figure 8.3 Orientation of strain gages in common rosettes: (a) rectangular; (b) equiangular.
Figure 8.8 Multiple strain gages: switching outside of bridge.
Figure 8.14 Rotary variable differential transformer: (a) schematic; (b) simplified construction. [(b) Based on Herceg, 1976.]
Figure 8.15 Output voltage versus time for LVDT: (a) core displaced upward from center; (b) core displaced down from center.
Figure 8.17 Linear portion of conditioned output of LVDT system.
Figure 8.20 Angular digital encoder: (a) binary shaft encoder; (b) side view. (Based on Turner, 1988.)
Figure 8.22 Two-winding linear velocity transducer (LVT). (Based on Herceg, 1976.).
Figure 8.24 Magnetic pickup for angular velocity measurement.
Figure 8.28 Piezoelectric sensors: (a) longitudinal effect; (b) transverse effect.
Figure 8.32 Servo accelerometer. (Based on Lucas Schaevitz literature.)
Figure 8.34 Common types of load cells: (a) cantilever beam; (b) hollow cylinder.