amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04

1. amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04

3. Russell Loveridge - loveridge@arch.ethz.ch HIL – F56.2

4. Russell Loveridge - loveridge@arch.ethz.ch Marcus Braach - braach@arch.ethz.ch - HIL E15.1 Hilfassistant - TBA

5. Russell Loveridge - loveridge@arch.ethz.ch Marcus Braach - braach@arch.ethz.ch Hilfassistant - TBA Course Time: Wednesdays – 10:00-12:00 AM HIL F40.9

6. Russell Loveridge - loveridge@arch.ethz.ch • Marcus Braach - braach@arch.ethz.ch • Hilfassistant - TBA • Course Time: • Wednesdays – 10:00-12:00 AM HIL F40.9 • Administration: • Course TWIKI Update • Schedule Update • Assignment Update

7. This course is an introduction to digital design & manufacturing in contemporary architecture.

8. This course is an introduction to digital design & manufacturing in contemporary architecture. DIGITAL & CNC-FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY > CONTEXT: o      Overview and history o      Review of current practices TECHNOLOGY: o      influence on design & architecture. o      overview of different types of CAM o      Specific focus on milling DESIGN: o Generated digital design o parametric design o mass customization ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE Lectures and theory: o Complex geometries & topology o  Changes in design capabilities and strategies Skill building: o hands on experience with several CNC machines o practical assignements Personal research, experimentation, & production: o diplomwahlfacharbeit

9. Context

10. Context : History of Automated Fabrication and Architecture.

11. Context : History of Automated Fabrication and Architecture. The begining of using the MACHINE for mass production.

12. Context : History of Automated Fabrication and Architecture. • The begining of using the MACHINE for mass production. • Industrial revolution from 1750‘s

13. Context : History of Automated Fabrication and Architecture. • The begining of using the MACHINE for mass production. • Industrial revolution from 1750‘s • Steam Engine 1769

14. Context : History of Automated Fabrication and Architecture. • The begining of using the MACHINE for mass production. • Industrial revolution from 1750‘s • Steam Engine 1769 • Leeds Woollen Workers Petition, 1786

15. Context : History of Automated Fabrication and Architecture. • The begining of using the MACHINE for mass production. • Industrial revolution from 1750‘s • Steam Engine 1769 • Leeds Woollen Workers Petition, 1786 • Expansion of the Railways, 1840

16. Context : History of Automated Fabrication and Architecture. • The begining of using the MACHINE for mass production. • Industrial revolution from 1750‘s • Steam Engine 1769 • Leeds Woollen Workers Petition, 1786 • Expansion of the Railways, 1840 • Meat packing lines, Birmingham & Chicago, 1840

17. Context : History of Automated Fabrication and Architecture. • The begining of using the MACHINE for mass production. • Industrial revolution from 1750‘s • Steam Engine 1769 • Leeds Woollen Workers Petition, 1786 • Expansion of the Railways, 1840 • Meat packing lines, Birmingham & Chicago, 1840 • Ford Assembly line experimentations 1850

18. Ford Assembly line experimentation 1850 • Assembly line = manufacturing economics of scale • MASS PRODUCTION • Changes in consumer society demanded new requirements for efficiency. • Assembly line manufacturing evolves based on analysing the efficient workflow positions of the employees • The term „Industrial Automation“ is used for the first time in Ford documents at this time

19. Ford Assembly line experimentation 1850 • Assembly line = manufacturing economics of scale • MASS PRODUCTION • How could ideas from the industrial manufacturing process be applied to architecture?

20. The Crystal Palace – Grand Exposition, 1851 - Sir Joseph Paxton Regent Park, London, UK.

21. The Crystal Palace – construction history

22. The Crystal Palace – Exhibition of the new industrial utopia.

23. The early 1900`s

24. The early 1900`s Advances in science, engineering, and materials gave rise to new empires and new political power

25. The early 1900`s • Architecture during wartime • Allocation of resources to the war effort • Technological developments for efficiency of industry • Mass production of specific goods

26. The early 1900`s • Architecture during wartime • Allocation of resources to the war effort • Technological developments for efficiency of industry • Mass production of specific goods • The war effort brought significant advances in the fields of science, engineering, materials, and manufacturing... • How could this knowledge be applied to architecture?

27. The early 1900`s • Architecture during wartime • Allocation of resources to the war effort • Technological developments for efficiency of industry • Mass production of specific goods • The war effort brought significant advances in the fields of science, engineering, materials, and manufacturing... • How could this knowledge be applied to architecture? • Architecture post-wartime • The architecutre of rebuilding • Great demand for the traditional building/construction resources • New resources and techniques for industrialized goods • Development and adaptation of technologies to building

28. Post-war Industrial innovation in architecture

29. Post-war Industrial innovation in architecture • The DyMaxIon House – Bukminster Fuller 1946 • DYnamic – MAXimum – tensION – dwelling machine • Designed to make use of post-war materials and expertise from the aviation and defence industry. • To have been built on an assembly line and delivered to building sites all over the USA in a shipping canister.

30. Post-war Industrial innovation in architecture • The DyMaxIon House – Bukminster Fuller 1946 • DYnamic – MAXimum – tensION – dwelling machine • Designed to make use of post-war materials and expertise from the aviation and defence industry. • To have been built on an assembly line and delivered to building sites all over the USA in a shipping canister. • The Manufactured House – 1950‘s to present • The house built on the assembly line was once considered to be the future of American domesticity. • Reduction of waste and efficient use of materials. • Faster construction time, and higher quality control. • Customization within a modular approach.

31. Present day issues with respect to architecture, fabrication, and the construction process

32. Present day issues with respect to architecture, fabrication, and the construction process • Current architectural practice • Allocation of resources • New materials • Development and adaptation of technologies • Demand for ecconomic and design efficiency

33. Present day issues with respect to architecture, fabrication, and the construction process • Current architectural practice • Allocation of resources • New materials • Development and adaptation of technologies • Demand for ecconomic and design efficiency • Architecture currently follows other design/build disciplines. • It is no longer an innovator. • Architecture does not invest in research. • It is viewed as a commodity rather than a profession.

34. Present day issues with respect to architecture, fabrication, and the construction process • Current architectural practice • Allocation of resources • New materials • Development and adaptation of technologies • Demand for ecconomic and design efficiency • Architecture currently follows other design/build disciplines. • It is no longer an innovator. • Architecture does not invest in research. • It is viewed as a commodity rather than a profession. • Can we change this????? • Lets look at a different industry that received a significant technological boost from the wars........

35. A brief history of the Computer & Architecture

36. A brief history of the Computer & Architecture 1940’s - ENIAC

37. A brief history of the Computer & Architecture 1940’s - ENIAC 1950’s - Graphics

38. A brief history of the Computer & Architecture 1940’s - ENIAC 1950’s - Graphics 1960’s – Industrial application

39. A brief history of the Computer & Architecture 1940’s - ENIAC 1950’s - Graphics 1960’s – Industrial application 1970’s – Home computers

40. A brief history of the Computer & Architecture 1940’s - ENIAC 1950’s - Graphics 1960’s – Industrial application 1970’s – Home computers 1980’s – Mass Produces PCs

41. A brief history of the Computer & Architecture 1940’s - ENIAC 1950’s - Graphics 1960’s – Industrial application 1970’s – Home computers 1980’s – Mass Produces PCs 1980’s – Networked computers

42. A brief history of the Computer & Architecture 1940’s - ENIAC 1950’s - Graphics 1960’s – Industrial application 1970’s – Home computers 1980’s – Mass Produces PCs 1980’s – Networked computers 1990’s – Architectural acceptance

43. A brief history of the Computer & Architecture 1940’s - ENIAC 1950’s - Graphics 1960’s – Industrial application 1970’s – Home computers 1980’s – Mass Produces PCs 1980’s – Networked computers 1990’s – Architectural acceptance 2000’s – Architectural innovation

44. A computer development history: • 1950‘s - the introduction of the computer to mainstream scientific research. • 1960‘s - the introduction of graphics and visual representation by computer. • 1970‘s - The large industrial acceptance of CAD in the design process. • - The first demonstration of 3d-CAM fabrication from a punchcard machine • 1978 - Dassault Ind. develops CATIA (Computer-Aided 3-Dimensional Interactive Application) • 1980‘s - Development of the home PC, and software packages. • 1985 - Alias releases ALIAS1 animation & SFX software • - SurfCAM 1.0 is released to the fabrication industry • 1990‘s - Finally an acceptance of CAD in the architectural community • 1997 - FOG Guggenheim Bilbao • - AliasWavfront releases MAYA • 2000‘s - First mainstream project from architects employing the full potential of CAM.

45. Facts: • CAD and CAM were developed by large-scale industry for their own use. • CAD was not accepted for use in Architecture industry until 30 years after its inception. • Cutting edge architects are using digital design and fabrication technology in developing their projects. The combination of these technologies returns the architect to the role as both builder and as a part of the fabrication/construction team > the master builder

46. Conclusions: This move to regain control of both the creative AND the constructive process can be assisted through the use of CNC fabrication machines. By giving the designer greater and more direct control over the fabrication process, the architect resumes an important role within the PRODUCTION part of the DESIGN CYCLE.

47. The Design and Production cycle:

48. The Design and Production cycle: • As a designer you are given a problem: • You analyse the requirements & limitations • Formulate a design strategy • Begin to design based on all known parameters from your analysis

49. The Design and Production cycle: - Modeling and SCRIPT development

50. The Design and Production cycle: - Modeling and SCRIPT development - Pattern, ornament, or form GENERATION