Properties of Materials

1. Properties of Materials

2. Stiffness Strength Elasticity Ductility Brittleness Malleability Toughness Resilience Hardness Bulk mechanical properties

3. Ductility • Characteristic of a material that undergoes considerable plastic deformation under tensile load before rupture

4. Brittleness • Absence of any plastic deformation prior to failure

5. Malleability • Characteristic of a material that undergoes considerable plastic deformation under compressive load before rupture. It can be hammered into shapes.

6. Resilience • Characteristic of a material that springs back into shape; elasticity.

7. Toughness • A combination of strength and ductility. Can absorb lots of punishment without breaking in two.

8. Hardness • Resistance of a material to scratching, wear, or penetration

10. Engineering Materials Basic Categories • Metals • Plastics • Ceramics • Composites

11. Plastics Ferrous Non-ferrous Thermoplastics Thermosets Elastomers Acrylic Nylon ABS Polyethylene Polycarbonate PVC Aluminum Copper Zinc Titanium Tungsten Steel Stainless steel Die & tool steel Cast iron Phenolic Polymide Epoxies Polyester Rubber Polyurethane Silicone Engineering Materials Materials Metals SJSU, ME dept.

12. Ceramics Glass Composites Carbides Nitrides Graphite Diamond Glasses Glass ceramics Reinforced plastics Metal-Matrix Ceramic-Matrix Laminates Engineering Materials Materials Plastics Metals SJSU, ME dept.

13. Most Commonly Used Materials The following 25 materials are the most commonly used materials in the design of mechanical products; in themselves they represent the broad range of other materials. Steel and Cast Iron • 1020 (plain carbon steel, hot-rolled or cold-drawn) • 1040 (plain carbon steel, hot-rolled or cold-drawn) • 4140 (heat-treated alloy steel, chromium-molybdenum) • 4340 (heat-treated alloy steel, nickel-chromium-molybdenum) • S30400 (stainless steel) • S316 (stainless steel) • O1 (tool steel) • ASTM20-60 (gray cast iron) SJSU, ME dept.

14. Steel sheet and standard shapes

15. Working with steel

16. Cast Iron

17. Aluminum and Copper Alloys • 2024 (aluminum, O, T3, T4 or T6) • 3003 (aluminum, H12 or H16) • 6061 (aluminum, T6) • 7075 (aluminum, T6) • C268 (copper) Other metals • Titanium 6-4 • AZ63A (magnesium) Most Commonly Used Materials SJSU, ME dept.

18. Aluminum

19. Working with Aluminum Inert gas welding TIG welding TIG = tungsten inert gas Non-consumable rod is tungsten Inert gas is argon or helium Filler rod depends on what you’re welding

20. MIG welding uses a continuous wire feed MIG = metal inert gas

21. Ceramics • Alumina • Graphite Composite materials • Douglas fir • Fiberglass • Graphite/epoxy Most Commonly Used Materials Plastics • ABS • Polycarbonate • Nylon 6/6 • Polypropylene • Polystyrene SJSU, ME dept.

22. PVC and ABS

23. Polystyrene

24. Nylon and Kevlar (related polymer)

25. Ceramics

26. Properties of Most Commonly Used Materials Ultimate Strength in tension SJSU, ME dept.

27. Properties of Most Commonly used Materials Yield strength SJSU, ME dept.

28. Properties of Most Commonly used Materials Fatigue Limit (strength under cyclic loading) SJSU, ME dept.

29. Properties of Most Commonly used Materials Density SJSU, ME dept.

30. Cost of Most Commonly used Materials Cost SJSU, ME dept.