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Section 2

Section 2. As Species reproduce, characteristics are passed from parents to offspring. 2.1 A Closer Look at Variation. Heritable Characteristic : passed on from generation to generation. Examples: eye color, hair type, skin color.

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Section 2

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  1. Section 2 As Species reproduce, characteristics are passed from parents to offspring.

  2. 2.1 A Closer Look at Variation • Heritable Characteristic: passed on from generation to generation. • Examples: eye color, hair type, skin color. • Non-heritable Characteristic: are acquired traits, not passed on from generation to generation. • Examples: learning to play the piano.

  3. Discrete Variation: refers to differences in characteristics that have a defined form. The individual “either has it, or not”. • Example: eye color • Continuous Variation: refers to differences in characteristics that have a range of forms. • Example: height, hand size

  4. Variation and the Environment • Some variations in individuals result from interactions with the environment. • Height is a heritable characteristic, but can be affected by the diet of an individual. • Variations caused by interactions with the environment are not heritable. • If a child of tall parents doesn’t receive proper nutrition, he/she will not be as tall as his/her parents.

  5. 2.2 Asexual and Sexual Reproduction • Asexual Reproduction: involves only 1 parent. All offspring are identical to the parent. • Makes and exact copy of itself!

  6. 4 Types of Asexual Reproduction • Binary Fission: only in in one0celled organisms. A cell splits exactly in 2, producing 2 identical individuals.

  7. Budding: the parent produces a small bud, or a smaller version of itself.

  8. Spore Production: similar to seeds, but are produced by the division of cells of the parent, not by the union of two cells. One individual will produce many spores, and each spore can develop into a new individual identical to the parent.

  9. Vegetative Reproduction: the reproduction of a plant that does not involve the formation of a seed. Examples: potatoes, aspen trees, strawberries.

  10. Sexual Reproduction: usually involves two individuals. The offspring will have a combination of the characteristics of both parents, ensuring there is a mix in each generation. • Gamete: a sex cell, that has a role of joining another gamete for reproduction.

  11. Sexual Reproduction in Animals • Define these terms: • Sperm cells – male gametes • Egg cells (ova) – female gametes • Fertilization – union of sperm and egg cell • Zygote – first cell of a new individual • Cleavage – cell division of the zygote • Embryo – multi cellular life form

  12. Stages of Developmentpg. 32

  13. Sexual Reproduction in Plants • Define these terms: • Pollen – male gametes • Stamen – holds pollen • Ovules – female gametes • Pistil - contains ovules • Anther – end of stamen • Stigma – end of pistil • Pollination – when pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma • Cross-Pollination – pollen of one plant reaches another • Cross-Fertilization -

  14. Plant Parts

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