HOW PERCEPTIONS OF SUCCESS AND GOALS MEDIATE MOTIVATION

1. HOW PERCEPTIONS OF SUCCESS AND GOALS MEDIATE MOTIVATION Damon Burton University of Idaho

2. What is success?ANDHow do we define it?

3. IS SUCCESS SUBJECTIVE OR OBJECTIVE? • What is objective success? • How does it differ from subjective success? • Give me an example of objective success. • Provide an example of subjective success.

4. OBJECTIVE VERSUS SUBJECTIVE SUCCESS • Objective Success – winning or placing high in a race. • Subjective Success – reaching a valued goal such as playing slightly beyond your current performance capabilities (CPC). • Which type of success is more feasible and controllable?

5. MAEHR & NICHOLLS (1980) • Success and failure are not objective events BUT subjective perceptions of each individual. • Perceived success and failure are defined based on whether performance exceeds goals.

6. MAEHR & NICHOLLS (1980) • Goals define success and failure in 2 ways • what you are trying to accomplish or personal attributes you value • amount or degree to which performance meets or exceeds goal standards • Primary Achievement Goals • social approval • ability • task/intrinsic

7. PRIMARY ACHIEVEMENT GOALS • Social Approval – others tell you that you did well • Ability – socially compare well and demonstrate competence • Task/Intrinsic – learning, mastery and self-comparison

8. MEASURING ACHIEVEMENT GOALS • Ewing factor table 11

9. Does success or failure mean the same thing to all of us?

10. CONCEPTS CLOSEST AND FARTHEST FROM SUCCESS

11. CONCEPTS CLOSEST AND FARTHEST FROM FAILURE

12. Do we define these terms the same way?

13. If not, are there gender, racial, ethnic or cultural differences in definitions of success and failure?

14. ANTECEDENTS & CONSEQUENCES

15. SUCCESS IS DEFINED IN TERMS OF VALUES • Values are learned attitudes. • Values are influenced by . . . • gender roles learned from significant others • cultural values • racial and ethnic-based norms and beliefs • religious doctrine • other groups that influence how we view the world and decide what is important

16. How do we measure subjective perceptions of success and failure?

17. ANTECEDENT S OF SUCCESS & FAILURE

18. CONSEQUENCES OF SUCCESS & FAILURE

19. CONSEQUENCES OF SPORT SUCCESS

26. ENHANCING PERSONAL INVESTMENT • Person-focused strategies • Job-focused strategies • Organization-focused strategies

27. PERSON-FOCUSED STRATEGIES • Selecting motivated people • Placement of putting the right person in the appropriate job • Developing new goals and sense-of-self variables in individuals.

28. JOB-FOCUSED STRATEGIES • change job itself • change larger organizational network in which the job is performed • social aspects • inherent attractiveness • evaluation

29. ORGANIZATION-FOCUSED STRATEGIES • establishing & communicating a mission • establishing salient goals • concern for individual in the organization • delegate power • identify and reward excellence