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History of Status of world stocks from FAO data base: From Pitcher & Cheung 2013

History of Status of world stocks from FAO data base: From Pitcher & Cheung 2013. Global Picture. Advances in technology Primary tool 1: genetic markers. circle = distinguishable stock level. yellow and red populations cannot be distinguished with traditional markers at hand.

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History of Status of world stocks from FAO data base: From Pitcher & Cheung 2013

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  1. History of Status of world stocks from FAO data base: From Pitcher & Cheung 2013

  2. Global Picture

  3. Advances in technologyPrimary tool 1: genetic markers circle = distinguishable stocklevel yellow and red populations cannot be distinguished with traditional markers at hand Solution: develop new markers thatallowdistinction and areeasilytransferablebetweenlaboratories

  4. A major problem- we do not really know what we are catching- IUU Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing- ($15bn-23$bn per year + biodiversity loss (c. Globally 20-30% IUU) Need for unequivocal evidence of fraud/illegal activity!!

  5. IUU Discards Peruvian anchoveta Pelagic fish Groundfish Invertebrates Global Impact of IUU we don’t know the catches of global fisheries…estimates of 25% global IUU

  6. IUU IN EUROPE BALTIC SEA Cod 35-40% Herring 35% N SEA Cod 50% All spp up to 66% CELTIC-BISCAY SHELF Cod 35-60% ALL AREAS Higher risk spp. Incl. sharks up to 75% Legal loophole- can under declare by 35% without risk of punishment IBERIAN COASTAL Tuna 40% Modified from estimates provided by Ian Dickie (2009) –(Economics for the Environment Consultancy)- Chatham House Presentation MEDITERRANEAN Tuna and swordfish 40-50%

  7. Impact of IUU in Europe Estimated total cost to EU Member States from 2008-2020 of lost catches: • c. € 10.7 billion • > 27,800 lost jobs in fishing and processing • Costs to sustainability • Costs to ecosystem • A need for legally enforceable traceability system to tackle IUU and for consumer protection both at species and population levels

  8. Imports and fish fraud • EC imports (80% of fish consumed) - IUU products are estimated at $ 1.6 billion annually (Oceanic Development Study, 2007) • Ireland study: Fish fraud and fish substitution (from retail outlets): 25% cod and haddock products mislabelled;- 82% smoked fish mislabelled • Bangor study: 386 white fish – major UK supermarket chains. Mislabelling ~ 5.6% (4 billion fish products consumed in UK per year = ~ 200 million products!) • Eco-labelling and potential fraud

  9. The need – robust & legally enforceable traceability system What?? Where from? FORK TO FISH OCEAN

  10. White fish fillets at a processing plant: What are they?

  11. DNA Technology Species level • Established scientific approach • FISHBOL, TRACEFISH, FISH and CHIPS, LABELFISH • Multiple analysis options • Further development of logistics and infrastructure needed Geographic origin level • New area of research / novel approach • FishPopTraceSNP markers (neutral & non-neutral) • Transfer of R&D required • Development of logistics and infrastructure needed

  12. Fresh • Frozen • Dried • Salted • Canned • Cooked DNA & Sample Types • Whole fish • Part fish • Trace sample • Product • Boiled • Fried • Baked etc. • Mixed Species • Mixed Fish

  13. What is DNA barcoding? - a short DNA sequence, from a uniform locality on the genome used for identifying species http://barcoding.si.edu http://www.barcodinglife.org

  14. SNPs (gene associated markers) and genetic traceability • Highly abundant (1 SNP/500-1000 bp) • Easy to interpret (binary code) • Ideal for archiving (reference data bases) • Adaptable to high-throughput (genomics) • Methods easily transferred among laboratories • Suitable for degraded DNA samples

  15. Uptake- field sampling (port, market etc) USB stick can sequence DNA in seconds

  16. Single-species testing in the field TWISTFLOW® RED SNAPPER | RELEASED FRIDAY 29th NOVEMBER 2013

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