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Manufacturing & Industrial Location Theory – Chapter 10

Manufacturing & Industrial Location Theory – Chapter 10. Questions – Assignment 2? 3 lectures left! Chapter 11 Reading Guide: High Technology Cycle Theory Fordism-Flexible Specialization Agriculture Trends Eras Von Th ü nen and Location theory. High Technology.

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Manufacturing & Industrial Location Theory – Chapter 10

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  1. Manufacturing & Industrial Location Theory – Chapter 10 • Questions – Assignment 2? • 3 lectures left! • Chapter 11 Reading Guide: • High Technology • Cycle Theory • Fordism-Flexible Specialization • Agriculture • Trends • Eras • Von Thünen and Location theory

  2. High Technology • High technology is New technology • Semi-conductors, software engineering biotechnology, new materials • Complementary role of services • Outsourcing • Metropolitan centres retain competitive advantage for high tech mfg.

  3. Cycle Theory • Regions (Chap 11) • Products (Chap 10) • Biological development metaphors • Youth • Maturity • Old age

  4. From Fordism to Post-Fordism &Flexible Specialization • Fordism • Mass production & economies of scale • Assembly line • Specialized • Post-Fordism • Economies of scope • Constellations of small firms • Networks • Flexible specialization • Rapid switching among products • Multi-purpose machines and workers • New industrial districts

  5. Agriculture • Rural-Urban contrast • Population: • ~ 20% rural population • ~ 15% rural, non-farm • < 5% rural farm • Labour force: • 3.1% in agriculture • Rapid gains in productivity

  6. Capital intensive agriculture

  7. Structural Change in Cattle Production: The Big X Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture

  8. Focus on Two Regions and a Single Class of Cattle Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture

  9. Agriculture and Policy: Why does agriculture have such a huge role on the policy agenda? • Strategic importance • Urban dependence • Supply volatility • Weather/disease/pests • Capital intensive • Demand volatility • Trade • Preferences/technology change • Commodity prices • Close links to many other sectors

  10. 1st Agricultural Revolution • Paleolithic • Hunting/fishing/gathering • Neolithic Revolution 10000-12000 BP • Cultivation • Domestication • Social surplus • Urbanization • Division of labour • Written language • State • Agrarian civilization

  11. 2nd Agricultural Revolution • c. 1750 • break down of feudalism and common field systems • linked with industrial revolution and • increasing population pressure and urban growth • use of fertilizer, crop rotation and mechanization • use of legumes to restore soil nitrogen • improved breeding plants & livestock • gradual rural depopulation • mechanization

  12. 3rd Agricultural Revolution • c. 1928 • collectivisation in the Soviet Union • Sovkhoz: state farms • really huge grain and meat factories • Mechanization via internal combustion • Chemical fertilizers/herbicides/ • Pesticides/Pharmaceuticals • Biotechnology

  13. Ecumene • Settled area of earth’s surface • Arable land and some pasture • Agriculture is geographically dispersed • Extensive land use relative to most others • Intensity of land use: • Labour to land ratio (person hours/acre) • Capital to land ratio ($/acre)

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