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Peer-to-Peer Information Systems

Explore the evolution of P2P systems, from Napster to current innovations, and future applications. Learn the laws, message flooding, anonymity, and related technologies shaping this field. Seminar topics include scalability, failure resilience, data management, and more.

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Peer-to-Peer Information Systems

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  1. Peer-to-Peer Information Systems Gerhard Weikum weikum@mpi-sb.mpg.de http://www-dbs.cs.uni-sb.de/lehre/ws03_04/p2p-seminar.htm Outline: History of P2P Systems Future Applications and Research Topics Seminar Organization Peer-to-Peer Information Systems – WS 03/04

  2. Motivation for P2P • exploit distributed computer resources • available through the Internet and mostly idle • tackle otherwise intractable problems (e.g. SETI@home) make systems ultra-scalable & ultra-available break information monopolies, exploit small-world phenomenon replace admin-intensive server-centric systems by self-organizing dynamically federated system without any form of central control  make complex systems manageable Peer-to-Peer Information Systems – WS 03/04

  3. Eight laws: • know thy self • configure thy self • optimize thy self • heal thy self • protect thy self • grow thy self • know thy neighbor • help thy users „Autonomic Computing Laws“ Vision: all computer systems must be self-managed, self-organizing, and self-healing (like biological systems ?) My interpretation: need design for predictability: self-inspection, self-analysis, self-tuning Peer-to-Peer Information Systems – WS 03/04

  4. 1st-Generation P2P Napster (1998-2001) and Gnutella (1999-now): driven by file-sharing for MP3, etc. very simple, extremely popular • can be seen as a mega-scale but very simple • publish-subscribe system: • owner of a file makes it available under name x • others can search for x, find copy, download it invitation to break the law (piracy, etc.) ? Peer-to-Peer Information Systems – WS 03/04

  5. Napster: Centralized Index Napster server 1: register (user, files) 2: lookup (x) 3: peer 1 has x peer 1 peer 2 4: download x.mp3 + chat room, instant messaging, firewall handling, etc. Peer-to-Peer Information Systems – WS 03/04

  6. 3 Gnutella: Message Flooding 2 1 3 2 2 2 3 1 3 3 2 all forward messages carry a TTL tag (time-to-live) • contact neighborhood and establish virtual • topology (on-demand + periodically): Ping, Pong • 2) search file: Query, QueryHit • 3) download file: Get or Push (behind firewall) Peer-to-Peer Information Systems – WS 03/04

  7. Freenet emphasizes anonymity 2nd-Generation P2P eDonkey, KaZaA (based on FastTrack), Morpheus, MojoNation, AudioGalaxy, etc. etc. commercial, typically no longer open source; often based on super-peers JXTA (Sun-sponsored) open API Research prototypes (with much more refined architecture and advanced algorithms): Chord (MIT), CAN (Berkeley), OceanStore/Tapestry (Berkeley), Farsite (MSR), Spinglass/Pepper (Cornell), Pastry/PAST (Rice, MSR), Viceroy (Hebrew U), P-Grid (EPFL), P2P-Net (Magdeburg), Pier (Berkeley), Peers (Stanford), Kademlia (NYU), Bestpeer (Singapore), YouServ (IBM Almaden), Hyperion (Toronto), Piazza (UW Seattle), PlanetP (Rutgers), SkipNet (MSR), etc. etc. Peer-to-Peer Information Systems – WS 03/04

  8. The Future of P2P: New Applications • Beyond file-sharing & name lookups: • partial-match search, keyword search • (tradeoff efficiency vs. completeness) • Web search engines • publish-subscribe with eventing (e.g., marketplaces) • collaborative work (incl. games) • collaborative data mining • dynamic fusion of (scientific) databases with SQL • smart tags (e.g., RFId) on consumer products Peer-to-Peer Information Systems – WS 03/04

  9. The Future of P2P: More Challenging Requirements Unlimited scalability with millions of nodes (O(log n) hops to target, O(log n) state per node) Failure resilience, high availability, self-stabilization (many failures & high dynamics) Data placement, routing, load management, etc. in overlay networks Robustness to DoS attacks & other traffic anomalies Trustworthy computing and data sharing Incentive mechanisms to reconcile selfish behavior of individual nodes with strategic global goals Peer-to-Peer Information Systems – WS 03/04

  10. Related Technologies Web Services (SOAP, WSDL, etc.) for e-business interoperability (supply chains, etc.) Grid Computing for scientific data interoperability Autonomic / Organic / Introspective Computing for self-organizing, zero-admin operation Multi-Agent Technology for interaction of autonomous, mobile agents Sensor Networks for data streams from measurement devices etc. Content-Delivery Networks (e.g., Akamai) for large content of popular Web sites Peer-to-Peer Information Systems – WS 03/04

  11. Seminar Organization Each participant • reads one paper (plus background literature) • gives a 30-minute presentation, • followed by up to 15 minutes discussion • produces a 10-to-20-pages write-up, • due one week after the presentation • Participants should work in 3 phases: • now until -3 weeks: • understand literature, interact with tutor • until -2 weeks: • work out content and organization of your talk • until -1 week: • work out presentation (ready for rehearsal) Peer-to-Peer Information Systems – WS 03/04

  12. Seminar Topics Nov 18: Scalable Routing and Object Localization Nov 25: Failure Resilience and Load Management Dec 2: Analysis of System Evolution and Performance Dec 9: Information Organization and Integration Dec 16: Information Search on Structured Data Jan 13: Information Search on Web Data Jan 20: Security and Trust Jan 27: Incentives and Fairness Peer-to-Peer Information Systems – WS 03/04

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