Unit 5 lesson 2-B

1. Bacteria Infections and how it spreads, Unit 5 lesson 2-B

2. Key Terms • Infection • Contagious or communicable disease (P) • Local Infection • General Infection • Asymptomatic Carrier • Virus • Human Hepatitis B (HBV) • Hepatitis A • Hepatitis B • Hepatitis C • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

3. Infection Ahhh chooo! Occurs when disease-producing (pathogenic) bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the body’s normal state. • Contagious or communicable disease • Can be transmitted from person to person through touch or through the air Bloodborne pathogens are disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through blood or body fluids Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

4. Infection • Local • Small, confined area • Pus-filled boil, pimple or inflamed area • General • All parts of the body (systemic) • Circulatory system carries bacteria and toxins Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

5. Infection Common ways of spreading infection in the salon: • Open sores • Unclean hands and implements • Coughing or sneezing • Common use of drinking cups and towels • Use of same implements on infected areas and noninfected areas • Unsanitary salon conditions Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

6. This is why it is important to use the same infection control procedures on all clients (universal precautions) UniversalPrecautions Infection • Asymptomatic Carrier • Carries disease but shows NO SYMPTOMS Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

7. 1. Staphylococci • Most common human bacteria; can be picked up on door knobs, countertops, by hand shaking, or unclean implements

8. Viruses Dear Mrs. Jones, Sally will not be in school today because she has the measles. Sue Swanson • Sub-microscopic particles; much smaller than bacteria • Cause familiar diseases like the common cold, measles, hepatitis, HIV Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

9. Viruses Human Hepatitis B (HBV) • Highly infectious disease that infects the liver • Vaccine-preventable disease • Personal service workers are often asked to be vaccinated • Unlike HIV , Hepatitis can live on a surface outside the body for long periods of time Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

10. Hepatitis A • Illness lasts about 3 weeks. • Symptoms similar to flu; may cause yellowing of skin and eyes in adults. • Spread through close contact; poor sanitation and personal hygiene, contaminated food, milk, water, and shellfish; infected food handlers; sexual contact. • A vaccine is available.

11. Hepatitis B (HBV) • Can cause long-term hepatitis, effects the liver . • There may be no symptoms or flulike symptoms. It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact or blood transfusions or when infected needles are shared. • A vaccine is available.

12. Hepatitis C (HCV) • Progresses slowly; about one-third of those with the illness show no symptoms. When symptoms exist they include fatigue and stomach pain. • It is also transferable through parenteral contact and sexual activity with infected partners. • No vaccine is available.

13. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS • Disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the body in the blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV, are called bloodborne pathogens

14. Viruses Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) • Caused by HIV • Affects the body’s natural immune system • Spreads by body fluids entering blood stream of uninfected individual Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

15. HIV passed through blood and body fluids through: a. unprotected sexual contact • b. sharing of needles with infected drug users • c. accidents with needles in health care facilities • d. cuts and sores • Could occur from sharp implements in the salon; however there are no documented reports of such transmission.

16. Methods that DO NOT transmit the HIV • a. hand holding • b. hugging • c. kissing • d. sharing food or household items Like telephones or toilet seats. There are no documented cases of the virus being transmitted by food handlers, insects, or casual contact.

17. Key Terms • External Parasites • Parasitic fungi • TineaBarbae • Nail Fungus • Parasitic mites (insects) • Animal parasites • Pediculosiscapitis • Scabies • Natural Immunity • Passive Immunity

18. External Parasites Organisms that live on or obtain nutrients from another organism • Parasitic fungi (molds and yeasts) • Produce contagious diseases such as ringworm, honeycomb ringworm and nail fungus • Produce noncontagious conditions such as dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis • Parasitic mites (insects) • Produce contagious diseases such as itch mites and head lice Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

19. Tineabarbae (barber’s itch) • can be caused from unclean clippers. • Nail fungus • can be spread by unclean implements or not preparing the nail plate before applying enhancement products.

20. External Parasites Head Lice /PediculosisCapitis • Transmitted directly from one person to another or by contact with articles that have come in contact with an infested person • Accompanied by head scratching, redness or small bite marks on the scalp • Controlled by pediculicide shampoo Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

21. Animal parasites • Responsible for contagious diseases. • A parasite carried by mosquito causes malaria. • Insects that carry diseases from one person to another are known as. disease vectors. • The itch mite burrows under skin • Scabies is another contagious skin disease caused by the itch mite

22. External Parasites Professionals prevent the spread of contagions (fungi, bacteria and mites) through proper disinfection procedures Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

23. Natural Immunity Passive Immunity Immunity Ability of the body to destroy infectious agents that enter the body • Partially inherited • Natural resistance to disease • Production of white blood cells and antitoxins by body • Skin is first line of defense • Acquired immunity • Injection of antigens stimulates the body’s immune response Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology