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Barba Mater

Barba Mater. Lessons from history on university structures. By Harry Fekkers Maastricht University. Contents. Theory: Mintzberg The first universities Universities during enlightenment The Humboldtian university Twentieth Century Now and the future. Theory.

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Barba Mater

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  1. Barba Mater Lessonsfromhistory onuniversitystructures By Harry Fekkers Maastricht University

  2. Contents • Theory: Mintzberg • The first universities • Universities during enlightenment • The Humboldtian university • Twentieth Century • Now and the future

  3. Theory • Framework to interpretfacts and developments • Mintzberg (Structuring in fives, M. On Management): 6 elements of structure

  4. Coordination in organisations • Mutual adjustment, whichachievescoordinationby the simpleprocess of informalcommunication (as betweentwooperating employees) • Direct supervision, is achievedbyhavingoneperson issue orders orinstructions to severalotherswhoseworkinterrelates (as when a boss tellsotherswhat is to bedone, one step at a time) • Standardization of workprocesses, whichachievescoordinationbyspecifying the workprocesses of peoplecarrying out interrelatedtasks (thosestandardsusuallybeingdeveloped in the technostructure to becarried out in the operating core, as in the case of the workinstructionsthatcome out of time-and-motion studies) • Standardization of outputs, whichachievescoordinationbyspecifying the results of different work (againusuallydeveloped in the technostructure, as in a financial plan thatspecifies subunit performance targets orspecificationsthatoutline the dimensions of a product to beproduced) • Standardization of skills (as well as knowledge), in which different work is coordinatedbyvirtue of the related training the workers have received (as in medicalspecialists - say a surgeon and ananesthetist in anoperating room –respondingalmostautomatically to eachother’sstandardized procedures) • Standardization of norms, in whichit is the normsinfusing the workthat are controlled, usuallyfor the entireorganization, sothateveryonefunctionsaccording to the same set of beliefs (as in a religious order)

  5. The firstUniversities • Bologna, Paris, Salerno and many more. • In 1400 thereweresome 100 universities in Europe • Student bodies • Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa in 1155: AuthenticaHabita • Structure: pioneering, entrepreneurial

  6. First universities

  7. ScientificRevolution • XV – XVII century, Enlightenment • Many discoveries/theories outside the university • University mainly teaching • Research: experiment, new instruments. Technology: Leonardo. Development of Mathematics • Breakthroughs: Descartes, Brahe, Galileo, Newton

  8. Universities of Enlightenment

  9. The vonHumboldtUniversity • Integration of research and teaching • Academicfreedom • Elitist • Notonlytechnology and physics: humaniora and arts • Priviliges, research facilities

  10. Humboldtian

  11. State Universities IX-XX • National needs • Academic – professional bureaucracy • Demographicdemocracy • Specialisation, pigeon holes • Structurehierarchicalbut, how do you manage wild cats • Committees

  12. The State Universities

  13. Innovation in XXI • Scientificbreakthoughs: ICT, lifesciences • Largescale research • Knowledge as economicdriver • Largeproportion of populationneedshighereducation • Competition, the “Perfect Storm • State fundingcannotkeep pacewithneeds

  14. The InnovativeUniversity

  15. The InnovativeUniversity

  16. Youngestmember of ECIU • ECIU = European Consortium of InnovativeUniversities • 11 members, Swinburnebecamemember in 2003 SwimburneUniversity of Technology

  17. Structure of Swimburne • Facultiesonlyonebranch of activity.Serve as sources. • Mainstructuregearedtowardsmarkets

  18. Overview

  19. Context of decisionmaking • Strengthened steering core • Enhanceddevelopmentperiphery • Diversifiedfunding base • Stimulatedacademicheartland • Entrepreneurial belief/spirit Government Market Academic (Burton Clark, 1988, 2003 )

  20. Return of a Duplex Ordo?

  21. Litterature • Henry Mintzberg (McGill, Canada): • Structure in 5’s: designingeffectiveorganisations, 1983, Prentice Hal • Mintzbergon Management, 1989, MacMillan, New York • Hilde de Ridder-Symoens & Walter Rüegg (editors): • A History of the University in Europe, Vol. I (MiddleAges), Vol. II (1500-1800), Vol. III (1800-1945), Vol. IV (1945- present, forthcoming), 1996, CambrigeUniversityPress • Paul F. Grendler: The Universities of the Italian Renaissance, 2004, John HopkinsUniversityPress • Gabriel Compayré: Abelard and the Origin and EarlyHistory of Universities, 1893, London, William Heineman • Burton R. Clark: • CreatingEntrepreneurialUniversities, 1998, Oxford: Pergamon-ElsevierScience • SustainingChange in Universities: Continuities in Case Studies and Concepts, 2004, Open UniversityPress • Michael Shattock: Managing SuccessfulUniversities, 2003, Open UniversityPress

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