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The civil war 1861-1865

The civil war 1861-1865. Chapter 22 The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865. DVD Civil War Ken Burns. Episode 5 The Universe of Battle 1863 Chapter 10 New Birth of Freedom Gettysburg Address Episode 7 Most Hallowed Ground First five minutes Chapter Can These Be Men?

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The civil war 1861-1865

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  1. The civil war1861-1865 Chapter 22 The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865

  2. DVD Civil War Ken Burns • Episode 5 The Universe of Battle 1863 • Chapter 10 New Birth of Freedom • Gettysburg Address • Episode 7 Most Hallowed Ground • First five minutes • Chapter Can These Be Men? • Andersonville Prison (GA) • Chapter • Arlington National Cemetery • Episode 8 War is All Hell • Chapters 1 and 2 • Chapters 6, 7, 8 • Episode 9 Better Angels of Our Nature

  3. Army of the Potomac Peninsula Campaign 1862

  4. Army of the Potomac General George McClellan • “Little Mac”; “Little Napoleon” • Superb organizer and drill master • Injected splendid morale in the army • All drill—no drive • Reluctant to fight • Peninsula Campaign 1862 • Attempt to take Richmond via water • Confederate troops drove McClellan back to sea

  5. Peninsula Campaign 1862

  6. Total War Battle of Shiloh April 1862 Union Strategy Blockade Liberate the Slaves Three-Pronged Attack

  7. Union strategy: TOTAL WAR • Blockade • Suffocate the South • Liberate slaves • Undermine southern economy • Three-pronged attack • Cut Confederacy in half • Seize Mississippi • Choke off supplies • Chop Confederacy to pieces • Troops through Kentucky, Tennessee, • Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia • Decapitate the South • Capture Richmond/Confederate capital • Engage the enemy everywhere—TOTAL WAR • Drive the South into submission General Ulysses S. Grant General William Tecumseh Sherman “War is all hell.”

  8. Main Thrusts 1861-1865

  9. The War in the East, 1861-1862 Union advances on Richmond were turned back at Fredericksburg and the Seven Days' Battles, and the Confederacy's invasion of Union territory was stopped at Antietam.

  10. War in the West, 1861-1863 Overview of the Union's successful campaigns in the west and its seizure of key points on the Mississippi River, as well as along the Atlantic coast in 1862 and 1863. These actions were decisive in paving the way for ultimate northern victory.

  11. Battle of Shiloh April 1862 • Tennessee • 100,000 troops • One of the first class battles in history • Most had never seen combat • In Tennessee along Tennessee River • Southern Generals • General Albert Sidney Johnston • Mortally wounded • General Nathan Bedford Forest (cavalry) • Union Generals • Generals Grant and Sherman • Results • Stopped the southern advance • Sobered the nation • 24,000 dead or wounded • More than all the previous American wars combined • No system to care for them • Union realized • Going to be a bloody war

  12. The Mississippi River and Tennessee 1862-1863

  13. Blockade • Navy seized British freighters on the high seas • Justification • Ultimate destination • Continuous voyage • Biggest threat to the blockade • Merrimack (Virginia) • Merrimack v. MonitorMarch 9, 1862 • First battle testing ironclad ships • Spells the doom of wooden ships

  14. Arts of Death • Civil War • Best equipped in history • First use of • Railroads • Artillery • Land mines • Military telegraphs • Telescopic sights • 1862 alone • 240 patents for military weapons • Repeating guns • Predecessor of the machine gun

  15. Southern Strategy Take the War to the North Antietam 1862 Gettysburg 1863

  16. Liberate slavesBattle of Antietam Sept. 17, 1862 • Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia • Advanced into the north • Halted in Sharpsburg, Maryland • McClellan’s command • Accidentally got Lee’s plans • Lee • Forced to withdraw south across the Potomac • One of the decisive engagements in world history • 23,000 killed or wounded • More than nine times the number killed at Normandy • Northern “victory” • Stopped Lee’s advance • Ended the possibility of British or French entry on the side of the Confederacy • Gave Lincoln the win he needed to launch the • Emancipation Proclamation • Changed the character of the war • Old South to be destroyed and replaced with new ideas • Failed because McClellan failed to pursue Lee

  17. The Battle of Antietam The Union navy closed southern harbors while Grant's troops worked to seal the northern end of the Mississippi River. The map also shows the Battle of Antietam (September 1862), in which Confederate troops under Robert E. Lee were finally defeated by the Union army under General George McClellan.

  18. Antietam, Maryland President Lincoln and General George B. McClellan in the general's tent 1862

  19. Lincoln with McClellan and officers Antietam, Maryland 1862

  20. Allan Pinkerton (Left) and General McClernand (Right) Antietam Battlefield October 3, 1862

  21. Mathew BradyPhotos

  22. Antietam 1862 • Antietam dead • Confederates lined for burial • Corpses awaiting burial • One of ninety-five photographs • Taken by Mathew Brady and his • assistants of the Antietam battlefield • Bloodiest single day of the war • First time Americans had seen war • depicted so realistically. • When Brady's photographs went on display in New York in 1862, throngs of people waited in line to see them.

  23. Memorial Lights Antietam National Battlefield Sharpsburg, Maryland Every Christmas, arranged in neat rows across a rolling landscape, more than 23,000 luminaries—one for each casualty of the Civil War battle fought here in 1862—offer a stunning and fitting tribute to the sacrifice made there.

  24. Emancipation Emancipation Proclamation 1863 Blacks in the War

  25. Emancipation Proclamation 1863 • Lincoln issued preliminary • Emancipation Proclamation to • Cabinet, September 1862 • Final proclamation January 1, 1863 • Declared “forever free” the slaves in • Confederate states still in rebellion • Changed the character of the war • Began as war for union • Continued as something much bigger • Re-creation of a nation with freedom replacing slavery

  26. Blacks in the War • Lincoln moved to accept black enlistees • 180,000 served in Union army • Accounted for 10% of the total enlistments • Two Massachusetts regiments raised through efforts of • Frederick Douglass • 54th Massachusetts • Participated in 500 engagements • Received 22 Medals of Honor • 38,000 died “Drummer Jackson” in the 79th U.S. Colored Troops

  27. Black Troops from Company E 4th U.S. Colored Infantry, photographed at Fort Lincoln, Virginia, in 1864. Nothing so symbolized the new manhood and citizenship among African Americans in the midst of the war as such young black men in blue.

  28. Lincoln and his GeneralsAfter Antietam • McClellan should have pursued Lee • Lincoln replaced McClellan • General A.E. Burnside • Fredericksburg, VA 1862 • Union slaughtered • 10,000 Union dead • General Joe Hooker • Chancellorsville, VA, May 1863 • Another southern victory • Stonewall Jackson killed • General George Meade • Gettysburg July 1863 • Lee invading the north again • Antietam part two

  29. Gettysburg Battle of Gettysburg 1863 Gettysburg Address 1863

  30. The War in the East, 1863 Victorious at Chancellorsville in May 1863, Lee again invaded Union territory but was decisively stopped at Gettysburg.

  31. Road to Gettysburg December 1862 - July 1863

  32. Fredericksburg • Chancellorsville and • Gettysburg • Campaigns during the winter • of 1862 and spring of 1863, • culminating in the • Battle of Gettysburg (July 1863) • General Meade's victory at • Gettysburg may have been the • critical turning point of the war.

  33. Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863Gettysburg Address 1863 • 92,000 Union troops—General George Meade • 76,000 Confederate troops—Gen. Robert E. Lee • Lee invaded the north again • This time through Pennsylvania • Antietam, part two • Broke the heart of the Confederate cause • 1863 Dedicated the cemetery • Gettysburg Address • Lincoln’s two-minute speech—a nation • “…conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.” • “These dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom and that government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth.”

  34. Battle of Gettysburg 1863 • The war’s greatest • battle, fought around a • small market town in • southern Pennsylvania • Lee’s invasion of the North • was repulsed • Union forces had the • advantage of high • ground, shorter lines, and • superior numbers. • Casualties for the two • armies--dead, wounded, • and missing--exceeded • 50,000 men.

  35. Injured Confederate Soldiers Captured at Gettysburg, 1863 by Mathew Brady At the end of the three-day Battle of Gettysburg, Lee's army had suffered over 25,000 casualties. These uninjured Confederate captives, who refused to face the camera and stare off in different directions, may have spent the rest of the war in northern prison camps.

  36. Union Strategy Cut the Confederacy in Half Seize the Mississippi Grant and Vicksburg 1863 Chop the Confederacy to Pieces Sherman’s March to the Sea 1864

  37. Cut Confederacy in HalfSeize Mississippi River • General Ulysses Grant • West Point graduate • Mediocre student • Fought credibly in Mexican War • Resigned from army instead of a court martial for drunkenness • Civil War • Boldness • Resourcefulness • Tenacity • Grant captured • Fort Tennessee on the Tennessee River and • Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River • Victories sealed Kentucky remaining in the Union • Lincoln resisted demands to remove him • “I can’t spare this man. He fights.” • People tell Lincoln, Grant drinks too much • “Find me the brand, and I’ll send a barrel to each of my other generals.”

  38. Cut Confederacy in HalfSeize Mississippi River • Vicksburg 1863 on the Mississippi • City protected the South’s lifeline to resources coming in from Louisiana and Texas • Grant commanded forces attacking Vicksburg • His best campaign of the war • Bombarded from land and sea • 48 day siege • Vicksburg surrendered July 4, 1863 • RESULTS • Cut the Confederacy in half • 31,000 surrendered • Mississippi River open to Union • Cut off supplies of cattle and other goods from Texas and Louisiana • Those pressuring for a peace negotiations with the South backed off • 4th of July not celebrated in Vicksburg for 81 years

  39. The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg Grant first moved his army west of Vicksburg to a point on the Mississippi south of the town. Then he marched northeast, taking Jackson, and finally west to Vicksburg.

  40. Ulysses S. Grant 1864 by Mathew Brady Both General Grant and General Lee were West Point graduates and had served in the U.S. Army during the War with Mexico. Their bloody battles against each other in 1864 stirred northern revulsion to the war even as they brought its end in sight.

  41. Grant’s Campaign Against Lee • Spring 1864 • Grant’s army suffered • staggering casualties, but • finally drove Lee into retreat. • After holding up for months • behind heavy fortifications in • Petersburg • Lee made a daring attempt to • escape in April 1865 but was • Headed off by • General Philip Sheridan's troops • Grant quickly closed in on the • greatly weakened • Confederate army, forcing • Lee’s surrender.

  42. Chop the Confederacy to Pieces • Gettysburg and Vicksburg 1863 • Back to back Union victories • Grant transferred to Tennessee theater • Victories here open the way for • Sherman’s March to the Sea • Burned Atlanta Sept.-Nov.1864 • Drove 250 miles to Savannah • Methods brutal • Hated “blue-bellies” • Destroyed supplies • Weakened southern morale • Taking Atlanta • Sealed Lincoln’s re-election 1864 • Destruction in South Carolina • Even worse General Sherman

  43. Sherman’s March to the Sea The West proved a decisive theater at the end of the war. From Chattanooga, Union forces drove in to Georgia, capturing Atlanta. Then General Sherman embarked on his march of destruction through Georgia to the coast and then northward through the Carolinas.

  44. Sherman’s March to the Sea Determined to “make Georgia howl,”William Tecumseh Sherman and his band of “bummers”slashed their way through the South during the winter of 1864, destroying military and civilian property along the way. This painting shows Sherman astride a white horse looking on while his men rip up a rail line and burn bridges and homes.

  45. War in Virginia 1864-1865 At great cost, Grant hammered away at Lee’s army until the weakened southern forces finally surrendered at the Appomattox Court House.

  46. The 17th Illinois Infantry, 1864 Veterans of the six-week siege of Vicksburg, the 17th Illinois Infantry remained to garrison the Mississippi town. Posing for the camera in 1864, these battle-hardened troops suggest the determination of the Union Army.

  47. Atlanta’s Depot, 1864 Atlanta’s depot in ruins after Sherman’s siege of the city

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