1 / 42

STROKE RECOVERY

STROKE RECOVERY. STROKE FACTS. Every 45 seconds someone in North America has a stroke! 50,000 Canadians suffer a stroke yearly 1/3 of these people die within a year Most survivors are left with permanent damage. WHAT IS A STROKE?. The equivalent of a heart attack to the brain

sara-landry
Download Presentation

STROKE RECOVERY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. STROKE RECOVERY

  2. STROKE FACTS • Every 45 seconds someone in North America has a stroke! • 50,000 Canadians suffer a stroke yearly • 1/3 of these people die within a year • Most survivors are left with permanent damage.

  3. WHAT IS A STROKE? • The equivalent of a heart attack to the brain • Occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is blocked by a clot • That part of the brain cannot get the blood (and oxygen) it needs, so it starts to die. • When part of the brain dies from lack of blood flow, the part of the body it controls is affected. • Thus a stroke can affect speech, memory and movement, even causing paralysis

  4. TYPES OF STROKES 1. ISCHEMIC – 80% of all strokes • Caused by a blood clot blocking the brain’s artery • The blood clot is usually caused by fatty deposits lining the vessel walls. • Accounts for 80% of all strokes

  5. ISCHEMIC STROKE

  6. ISCHEMIC STROKE

  7. TYPES OF STROKES 2. HEMORRHAGIC - 20% of strokes • occurs when a weakened blood vessel ruptures and bleeds into the surrounding brain. • the blood accumulates and compresses the surrounding brain tissue • generally more serious than ischemic strokes

  8. HOW CAN YOU LOWER YOUR RISK? • Know your blood pressure • get it checked regularly • get proper treatment if it is elevated • Have your levels checked regularly • blood pressure • cholesterol • glucose • Know Your Numbers so you can make healthy choices

  9. HOW CAN YOU LOWER YOUR RISK? • Eat a well-balanced diet • Exercise regularly • Quit smoking • Maintain a healthy weight • Drink alcohol moderately

  10. WARNING SIGNSEven if temporary! • Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arms or legs, especially on one side of the body • Sudden trouble speaking, understanding or confusion • Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes • Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination

  11. WARNING SIGNS • Sudden, severe or unusual headache • Difficulty swallowing • If any of these symptoms occur, CALL 911!

  12. RISK FACTORS YOU CAN’T CONTROL • Age –men over 55 and women after menopause have higher risk • Family History • family members have heart disease before 55 or before menopause • family – parent or sibling– had strokes before 65 • Ethnicity—First Nations, African, South Asians

  13. TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACKS (TIA’s) • “mini strokes” -- minor or warning strokes - typical stroke warning signs develop • temporary interruption of blood to brain – but tends to resolve itself on it’s own • strong indicators of a possible major stroke • steps should be taken immediately to prevent a stroke

  14. TREATMENT Immediate Medical Care is Crucial! • This can help minimize brain damage and dramatically increase the chance of recovery. • After the onset of stroke, there is a limited "window of opportunity" of six hours, for the person to receive interventional treatment that can prevent damage.

  15. TREATMENT • Clot-busting medication can be given within three hours of the onset of stroke that will dissolve the blood clot and restore normal blood flow to the brain. • Within six to 12 hours, patient can undergo a surgical catheterization procedure to break up the blood clot. • Beyond that time period, options for treatment become more limited.

  16. EFFECTS OF A STROKE • 10 % of stroke survivors completely recover • 25% recover with minor impairments • 40% experience moderate to severe impairments that require special care • 35% are require nursing home care or die shortly after the stroke.

  17. EFFECTS OF A STROKE • the location of the obstruction • how much brain tissue is affected • health before stroke **********  Because one side of the brain controls the opposite side of the body, a stroke affecting one side will result in neurological complications on the side of the body it affects.

  18. EFFECTS OF A RIGHT HEMISPHERE STROKE Left side of the body (and the right side of the face) will be affected, which could produce any or all of the following: • Weakness or paralysis on the left side of the body    • Vision problems    • Quick, inquisitive behavioral style    • Short-term memory problems

  19. EFFECTS OF A RIGHT HEMISPHERE STROKE • Short-term memory problems • Problems distinguishing distance, up or down, front or back • “Neglect” --forgetting or ignoring objects on left side, may ignore own left arm or leg

  20. EFFECTS OF A STROKE

  21. EFFECTS OF A LEFT HEMISPHERE STROKE The right side of the body (and the left side of the face) will be affected, producing some or all of the following: • Weakness or paralysis on the right side • Trouble reading, talking, thinking, doing math    • Slow, cautious behavior     • Memory loss—needs frequent instructions or feedback

  22. EFFECTS OF A STROKE

  23. BRAIN STEM STROKES Uncommon type, at base of brain above spinal cord, may cause problems with: • Weakness/paralysis on both sides of body • Breathing and heart functions • Body temperature control • Balance & coordination • Chewing, swallowing, speaking

  24. EFFECTS OF A STROKE

  25. APHASIA • A communication disorder that affects a person’s ability to speak, understand speech, read and write • One or all these areas may be affected • Ranges from mild to severe • 20% of stroke survivors develop aphasia

  26. APHASIA • Aphasia does not generally affect the ability to think, reason and understand. • Most aphasics know what they want to say - they just have trouble putting their thoughts into words. • A similar inability to understand non-verbal forms of communication such as gestures and facial expressions may also exist.

  27. COMMUNICATING • Speak more slowly and keep to the topic • Use short sentences and common words • Ask “yes” or “no” questions • Point to things or pantomime

  28. HOW TO HELP COMMUNICATE • Break instructions into simple steps • Allow extra time for person to respond to you • Watch for gestures or expressions as clues • Avoid excluding person from conversation

  29. REHABILITATION IS VITAL… • to help the patient recover as quickly and completely as possible • important to start therapy at about 24 hours after the stroke

  30. PHYSICAL REHABILITATION • To retrain person to walk or regain use of part of body affected • To help the stroke patient relearn simple motor activities, like walking • To maintain flexibility

  31. OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY HELPS: • Build upper body strength • Improve motor and sensory skills • Relearn everyday activities: • eating, drinking and swallowing • bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting • reading and writing

  32. OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY • Helps patient set goals to become more independent • Breaks complex activities into parts and sequences and gradually increases the complexity to improve strength, dexterity, perception, cognition and self care • Progress depends on impairment and strength

  33. SPEECH THERAPY HELPS: • relearn how to use language • develop other ways of communicating: pictures, gestures, body language or word board device • develop strategies to maximize remaining language function

  34. POST STROKE DEPRESSION • Most survivors feel fear, frustration, anger, sadness • Some changes caused by physical effects of brain damage • 50% chance of major depression within 1 year of stroke

  35. POST STROKE DEPRESSION • Impairs recovery of function • Women are at greater risk of developing major post stroke depression (PSD) • Risks of depression: • 2.6 times more likely to have another stroke • mortality rate is 3.4 times greater

  36. SYMPTOMS OF POST STROKE DEPRESSION • Anhedonia—loss of pleasure • Sleep disturbances • Social withdrawal • Loss of appetite • Guilt • Lethargy • Concentration and memory problems • Suicidal thoughts

  37. WHY TREAT PSD? • If untreated, 40% of patients will never recover, but will develop chronic depression • A patient with major PSD is more likely to recover • Minor depression is more likely to become chronic

  38. HOW IS PSD TREATED? • Anti depressant medication • Psychological therapy • Physical and speech therapy • Combination of therapies

  39. CAREGIVERS NEED: • Information about stroke and its impacts, prognosis and the rehabilitation process • Education about the physical and psychological needs of stroke survivors • Support Networks • Practical Assistance in caring and coping skills

  40. PRACTICAL MEASURES Adaptive clothing makes things easier: • Avoid tight-fitting armholes and pant legs • Clothing should fasten in front • Velcro on shoes and clothing, instead of buttons/zippers TIP: Get dressed using unaffected arm to dress the affected one first

  41. RECREATION & LEISURE • No need to give up hobbies or leisure activities • A recreational therapist will help to adapt activities so they remain “doable”

  42. RESOURCES • Stroke Recovery Warm-Line 1-888-540-6666 • For non-critical, non-crisis support • Run by stroke survivors, family members and care partners • www.strokerecoverycanada.com • Ontario March of Dimes www.dimes.on.ca

More Related