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El pretérito y el imperfecto

El pretérito y el imperfecto. ¡Como los usamos juntos !. The preterit. Uses we’ve gone over: Single, completed action or event Ayer comí una hamburguesa Series of completed actions or events Tomaste dos clases de cocinar el año pasado The beginning or end of an action

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El pretérito y el imperfecto

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  1. El pretérito y el imperfecto ¡Como los usamosjuntos!

  2. The preterit Uses we’ve gone over: • Single, completed action or event • Ayer comíunahamburguesa • Series of completed actions or events • Tomaste dos clases de cocinar el añopasado • The beginning or end of an action • Empezó a llover al mediodía • Terminé el informeestamañana

  3. Common expressions that indicate the preterit: • Entonces • De momento • Ayer • Anteayer • Aquel día/mes/año • Aquella semana • El otro día • En __(mes)___ • El __(día)__ • De repente • Por fin • Una noche / un día • Una vez • Anoche • La semana pasada • El mes / año pasado • En 1999 (un año) • El 25 de julio (fecha)

  4. Verbs that change meaning in the preterit: • Saber • Pacosupo lo quehabíapasado. • Conocer • Conocí a Miguel en café. • Poder • Pudimosganar el debate • No pudellegar a tiempo • Querer • Quisieronbailar el tango. • No quisoir al baileconmigo. • Found out • Paco found out what had happened • Met (for the 1st time) • I met Mike at the café. • Succeeded in/managed to • We succeeded in winning • I didn’t manage to arrive… • Tried / +no=refused • They tried to dance… • He refused to go to the dance with me.

  5. The imperfect • T: time • H: habits (used to, was/were, would) • E: emotions (mental & physical states) • W: weather • A: age / non-specific actions (no start or end) • D: description / background

  6. Non-action verbs… • Non action verbs such as saber, conocer, querer, estar, creer, and tener are usually in the imperfect • They retain their original definition in the past tense

  7. Common expressions with the imperfect • Generalmente • Constantamente • Siempre • Todos los días • Frecuentamente • Normalmente • De costumbre • En aquel entonces • A menudo • A veces • Con frecuencia • Por lo general • Regularmente • Todos los días (etc.) • Todas las tardes (etc.) • Cada día / semana / año

  8. Haber: there was, there were (impersonal) Preterit: Imperfect: Había mucha gente en el estadio cuando nuestro equipo ganó. Used to express background information • Hubo un terremoto en México en año pasado. • Used to express an action totally completed within a definite period of time

  9. UGH!!!!

  10. Spanish nerd talk: The primary function of a verb is to help a speaker represent a certain situation according to an internal structure, or aspect. Among other things, this implies that every situation a person describes (real or hypothetical) has to start, continue for some determined time, and usually finish. The preterit and imperfect tenses in Spanish help us differentiate the various aspects of a situation that we would associate with the past perspective.

  11. More nerdiness So even though using the different past tenses can help determine a precise aspect of a situation (start, duration, or finish), we must remember that it also deals with the PERSPECTIVE of the speaker. …its just not that concrete to say preterit = complete and imperfect = on going

  12. HUH? • When we use the preterit we are emphasizing the precise start or the completion of the action. • We’re accentuating the fact that it ended • When we use the imperfect we are emphasizing the in progress part of the action, the repeated nature of the action, or the intent to complete another action. • This is why we generally use the preterit to describe a single ACTION (it has to have a start / end), and use imperfect to describe emotions, physical and mental states (doesn’t necessarily end), repeated actions and actions that were in progress so we can talk about a second action that took place.

  13. Visually: Pretérito inicio Pretérito terminación Imperfecto duración Estado Acción

  14. Okay…so…. Examples! • Venían a visitarnos en junio. They were coming to visit us in June…(and actually did. OR they were planning to and then something else happened.) • Vinieron a visitarnos en junio. They came to visit us in June…(yep, it happened!) …notice that the imperfect sentence needs some further clarification

  15. Anoche bailábamos en una discoteca… Last night we were dancing at a club…(when the power went out and we all had to leave…OR some other continuation of the story.) • Anoche bailamos en una discoteca… Last night we danced at a club…(Yep! We danced. Its over.) In both cases, the action is presently over. But in using the preterit, we are accentuating that its over. In using the imperfect, we are setting up for something else to happen.

  16. Vamos a practicarmás… Actividad C; p. 26

  17. Se levantaron dijeron era se encontraba iba había oído temían era día especifico acción terminada Right now (en progreso) Came across (ya permanece) Was (y todavía es…) Had heard Were worried (emoción) Descripción Las respuestas:

  18. iba había despertaron se levantó se vistió bajó estaban se dieron significaba Intención / posibilidad Información al fondo Acción completada Acción completada Acción completada Acción completada Emoción Realized (un momento) Intencion / todavía permanece

  19. estaba llegó estaban recordaron eran hacían llegaron Emocion Un momento instantaneo Emocion Accion completada Descripcion Descripcion del padaso Came to (ya terminó el momento)

  20. ¿Lo entiendes mejor que antes? ¿Cómo están Uds.? ¡Sí! ¡No!

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