WELCOME!

1. OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS WELCOME! Go Ergo TEXAS MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY Risk Management Institute at COLLEGE Of The MAINLAND

2. Stacy Rose, Loss Prevention Consultant Texas Mutual Insurance Company AGENDA 8:00 – 8:10 Opening comments 8:10 – 8:30 Quiz 8:30 – 9:30 The Fundamentals of Ergonomics 9:30 – 9:40 Break 9:40 – 10:45 Anthropometrics & Anatomy 10:45 – 11:15 Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders 11:15 – 11:25 Break 11:25 - 12:00 VIDEO 12:00 – 1:00 LUNCH

3. Stacy Rose, Loss Prevention Consultant Texas Mutual Insurance Company AGENDA 1:00 – 2:20 Occupational Risk Factors 2:20 – 2:30 Break 2:30 – 3:15 Conducting An Ergonomics Review 3:15 – 4:00 Office Ergonomics 4:00 – 4:10 Break 4:10 – 5:00 Industrial Ergonomics Stacy Rose, Loss Prevention Consultant Texas Mutual Insurance Company

4. Course Objectives • Develop an understanding of work-related musculoskeletal disorders • Learn to identify ergonomic risk factors in the workplace • Develop the knowledge necessary to conduct your own ergonomics review • Learn how the principles of ergonomics apply to office & industrial environments

5. The Science of Ergonomics Ergo 101

6. Objectives • Introduce ergonomics & define common terms • Review basic anatomy • Identify common musculoskeletal disorders • Define scope of the problem

7. Workplace Safety Medical & First Aid Electrical Safety Ergonomics Asbestos Control Lockout/Tag-out Fire Prevention Confined Space Personal Protective Equipment Hazard Communication Chemical Safety

8. Ergonomics Defined • Early 1700’s, Ramazzini’s study of ill-effects of poor posture & poorly designed tools on the health of workers Greek Words “Ergon = work, Nomikos = law” Ergonomics Study of Work Laws

9. What Is Ergonomics? Modern Definition Science of fitting workplace conditions and job demands to the capabilities of the working population

10. What Is Ergonomics? Ergon – work Nomos – laws of Ergonomics is the laws of work that define the limits to human capability.

11. What Is Ergonomics? • Ergonomics is the science of improving employee performance and well-being in relation to the • job tasks, • equipment, and • the environment. • Ergonomics is… • a continuous improvement effort to design the workplace for what people do well, and design against what people don’t do well.

12. What Is Ergonomics? Ergonomics is fitting the job to the person.

13. Applying Ergonomics • Study, research, & experimentation • Evaluate human traits/characteristics we need to know for engineering design • Application & engineering • Design tools, machines, shelter, environment, work tasks, and job procedures to fit and accommodate the human

14. Ergonomics Human Machine Work Environment Utmost Goal: “Humanization” of Work Design with “E & E”: Ease and Efficiency

15. The Basics of Ergonomics

16. INDUSTRIAL ATHLETE SKILL WILL COACHING GREAT EQUIPMENT

19. Applications of Ergonomics Anatomy Orthopedics Physiology Medicine Psychology Sociology Anthropometry Biomechanics Work Physiology Industrial Hygiene Management Labor Relations Industrial Engineering Bio-Engineering Systems Engineering Safety Engineering Military Engineering Computer-Aided Design

20. Occupational Ergonomics • Optimize worker well-being • Optimize productivity • Minimize workplace stress factors • Minimize medical/workers’ compensation costs Increase Company Profitability

21. Occupational Factors Affecting The Worker…….. Physical Hazards Chemical Hazards Biological Hazards

22. Physical Hazards • Heat Stress/Cold Stress • Noise • Illumination • Ventilation • Vibration • Radiation • Falling, Tripping, Slipping

23. Liquids Solids Gases Dusts Fumes Mists Fibers Chemical Hazards

24. Biological Hazards • Needle Stick Injuries • Blood Borne Pathogens • AIDS • Anthrax • Tuberculosis • Rabies • Hepatitis

25. Where Does Ergonomics Fit In? Physical Hazards Chemical Hazards Biological Hazards    Ergonomics Human Machine Work Environment

26. Common Ergonomic Terms • Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) • Repetitive Motion Disorders • Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs)

27. Cumulative Trauma Disorders Bodily injuries or physical ailments that have developed gradually over periods of weeks, months, or even years as the result of repeated stresses on a particular body part Source: (Erdil & Dickerson, 1997)

28. Repetitive Motion Disorders A variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal work or other daily activities. RMDs may be caused by: • overexertion • incorrect posture • muscle fatigue • compression of nerves or tissue • too many uninterrupted repetitions of an activity or motion • friction caused by an unnatural or awkward motion such as twisting the arm or wrist Source: (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke )

29. Examples of Repetitive Motion Disorders • Carpel tunnel syndrome • DeQuervain’s disease • Raynaud’s syndrome (white finger) • Tendinitis • Tenosynovitis • Trigger finger

30. A - articular capsuleB - ligamentC - tendon (section view)D - muscleE - tendons Musculoskeletal Disorders • An MSD is an injury or illness of • Muscles • Nerves • Tendons • Ligaments • Joints • Cartilage • Spinal Discs

31. Anterior View: Muscles & Bones

32. Posterior View: Muscles & Bones

33. Musculoskeletal System “Left Anterior Forearm” “The Knee”

34. Work-Related MSDs Disorders where the work environment & performance of work contribute significantly Made worse or longer lasting by work conditions

35. Lower Body Low Back Pain Back Strain Disc Disorder Degenerative Disc Disorders Sciatica Knee Disorders Foot Disorders Examples of WMSDs

36. Upper Body Tension Neck Syndrome Rotator Cuff Syndrome Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s Elbow) Tendinitis Carpal Tunnel Syndrome DeQuervain’s Tenosynovitis Trigger Finger Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome Examples of WMSDs

37. A - inflammation of the shoulder tendonsB - tennis elbowC - inflammation of the wrist tendonsD - lesion of the knee cartilageE - inflammation or tearing of the Achilles tendonF - spraining of the thigh musclesG - backache (due to a lesion of the ligaments or muscles) Common Physical Injuries/Illnesses

38. Scope of Problem

39. Why is Ergonomics Important? • Financial • Humanistic • Regulatory • Public relations • Employee/labor relations Human $

40. Regulatory Agencies National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) Department of Labor Workers’ Compensation Insurance Companies

41. Bureau of Labor & Statistics The Bureau of Labor Statistics is the principal fact-finding agency for the Federal Government in the broad field of labor economics and statistics. Number of Fatalities Number of Non-Fatal Injuries & Illnesses Lost Workday Cases Injury and Illness Incident Rates

43. Scope of the problem Bureau of Labor & Statistics (BLS), 2002 Total cases of non-fatal injuries and illnesses 4,700,600 1,436,194 Cases Involved Days Away From Work

48. More about the injuries…… Carpal tunnel syndrome cases had more median days away from work (30) than either fractures (29) or amputations (26) Source: BLS 2002