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Digital Image Processing

Digital Image Processing. What is a digital image?. What is a digital image?. What is an image? Picture, Photograph Visual data Usually two- or three-dimensional What is a digital image? An image which is “discretized,” i.e., defined on a discrete grid (ex. scanner)

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Digital Image Processing

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  1. Digital Image Processing What is a digital image? Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  2. What is a digital image? • What is an image? • Picture, Photograph • Visual data • Usually two- or three-dimensional • What is a digital image? • An image which is “discretized,” i.e., defined on a discrete grid (ex. scanner) • Two-dimensional collection of light intensity values (or gray values) • Matrix, two-dimensional function Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  3. What is digital image processing? • What is digital image processing? • Digital image processing deals with the manipulation and analysis of pictures by a computer. • Improve pictorial information for better clarity (human interpretation). • Automatic machine processing of scene data (interpretation by a machine/non-human, storage, transmission). Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  4. Important steps in a typical image processing system Capturing visual data by an imaging sensor Convert data into discrete form Compress for efficient storage/transmission Improving image quality (low contrast, blur, noise) Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  5. Image Processing and Analysis Transformations • Level 0: Image representation (acquisition, sampling, quantization, compression) • Level 1: Image-to-image transformations (enhancement, restoration, segmentation) • Level 2: Image-to-parameter transformation (feature selection) • Level 3: Parameter-to-decision transformation (recognition and interpretation) Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  6. Image Processing and Analysis Transformations • Image Processing: Levels 0 and 1 • Image Analysis: Levels 1 and 2 • Computer/Robot Vision: Levels 2 and 3 • Computer Graphics/Animation ? • This mainly involves “creating images” or “visual effects” from a given description. • Image processing and analysis is mainly concerned with “interpreting” a given image. Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  7. Images come from various applications Engineering --- Circuit board Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  8. Images come from various applications Medicine --- MR Scan Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  9. Images come from various applications Photography Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  10. Images come from various applications Astronomy Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  11. Some Image Processing Examples - Gamma-Ray Imaging • Gamma-ray imaging is used in many applications like nuclear medicine and astronomy. • Positron emission tomography (PET imaging) is commonly used in medical diagnostic imaging. • Radioactive isotope administered to patient, which emits positrons. • Positron and electron meet and annihilate, giving out gamma-rays, which are detected by sensors. • Prominent bright spots indicate white masses corresponding to tumors in lung and brain. Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  12. X-Ray Imaging Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  13. Basic Chest X-Ray • X-ray imaging is used in a number of areas like medical diagnostics, astronomy, and industrial applications. • X-rays generated by a X-ray tube (vacuum tube) pass through the object to be imaged and is then captured by a sensor. • If an X-ray film is used as the sensor, it is typically digitized to get a digital image. • Alternatively, the X-rays are captured by devices that convert it into light energy which is then sent to a lightsensitivedigitizing system. Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  14. Contrast Enhancement radiography • A catheter is inserted in a blood vessel to be studied. • X-ray contrast medium is injected through the catheter to enhance the contrast of the blood vessels. Aortic angiogram Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  15. Industrial Application Circuit Board Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  16. Remote Sensing Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  17. Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  18. Other Applications – Finger print image Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  19. License Plate reader Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

  20. Application Areas • Biological Sciences • Meteorology/Satellite Imaging • Material Sciences • Medicine • Industrial inspection/Quality Control • Geology • Astronomy • Military • Physics/Chemistry • Photography Duong Anh Duc - Digital Image Processing

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