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Geometrical Optics: Mirrors, Reflection, and Refraction

This lecture covers the laws of reflection, the properties of mirrors, multiple reflections, and the concepts of refraction. It also discusses sub suns, sun pillars, and various optical phenomena like mirages, rainbows, and halos.

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Geometrical Optics: Mirrors, Reflection, and Refraction

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  1. HW #2, Due Sep. 7 Chapter 2 P7, P12, P16, PH1, PH2

  2. Lecture 5 (chapter 2 continued) • Quick Review: • Geometric Optics (Rays) • Shadows • Pinhole Camera • Laws of Reflection • Mirrors (plasma frequency) • This Lecture: • More on mirrors • Sub Sun and Sun Pillars • Multiple Reflection • Refraction ……

  3. Geometrical Optics (Chapter 2) When objects are much larger than the wavelength Light Rays (Ray Optics)

  4. Pinhole Camera *Pinhole Camera http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/pinholes/pinhole.html

  5. i r I R air glass or mirror Law of Reflection N • Reflected ray (R ) lies in the plane defined by incident ray (I) and surface normal (N) • R makes an angle r that is equal to incident angle I. • R lies on the opposite side of of N as incident ray I

  6. Mirrors Why metals reflect light? Why do they appear certain color? Why can we listen to radio stations far away? (plasma frequency) • Silvered and half-silvered mirrors • First-surface and second-surface mirrors *Oscillating Charge Field http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/applets/fieldwaves.html

  7. Grazing Incidence Reflection (glass windows, water surfaces, waxed floors, etc.) • Reflectivity (how much is reflected?)

  8. Who sees me in the mirror?! (field of view) Simply apply law of reflection and trace the rays…

  9. Sun Pillars and Sub Suns

  10. Ice Crystals

  11. Sub Sun A bright subsun looking downwards from 11,000m over Italy, late afternoon 18th July 1995. The halo was intermittently visible over the southern and central parts of the country covered by a thin cirrus sheet. The halo elongated and contracted as the tilts of the plate crystal mirrors changed. Reflections from lakes and rivers shine through the cloud. Video by Les Cowley.

  12. Sub Sun

  13. http://www.members.tripod.com/~regenbogen/englisch/atlas.htm

  14. Sun Pillar

  15. Multiple ReflectionsExample: Second Surface Mirrors

  16. Corner Reflectors Demo: multiple reflections in the hinged mirror

  17. RefractionRecall: light velocity= c/n *Refraction 1 http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/java/refraction/index.html http://wigner.byu.edu/LightRefract/LightRefract.html http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/refraction/boyFish.html Fish Tank

  18. Examples Material Refractive Index (n) Air 1.0003 Water 1.33 Glycerin 1.47 Immersion Oil 1.515 Glass 1.52 Flint 1.66 Zircon 1.92 Diamond 2.42 Silicon 4

  19. Law of Refraction N i I n1 Air (for example) glass or water or … n2 R r • The Refracted ray (R ) lies in the plane defined by Incidence ray (I) and surface Normal (N) • The Refracted ray (R ) lies on the opposite side of N as the incident ray I, and • The Refracted ray (R ) makes an angle r that satisfies the Snell’s law: (for small angles)

  20. Snell’s Law (exact) c a 

  21. Total Internal Reflection *Total Internal Reflection (Optical Fiber) http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/refraction/fiberOptic.html

  22. Total Internal Reflection

  23. Prisms as perfect reflectors: See Fig. 2.56 in the Text

  24. Next Refraction in Nature Mirages, Rainbows, Halos, Sun Dogs….

  25. sunset MiragesandAtmospheric Distortions mirage

  26. Mirage

  27. Dispersion Refractive Index varies with Wavelength : n() Dispersion in a prism * Prism Refraction http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/java/prism/index.html http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/refraction/monoPrism.html refraction & refl. http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/dispersion/whitePrism.html dispersion

  28. Rainbow

  29. Rainbow *Rainbow http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/java/Rainbow/rainbow.html http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/dispersion/raindrop.html rain drop

  30. Ice Crystals

  31. Sun Dogs

  32. Halos

  33. 22 degree halo

  34. 22 degree halo

  35. 46 degree halos

  36. Chapter 3 Reflection in Curved Mirrors

  37. Mirrors *Concave Mirrors http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/sphereMirror.html *Concave Lens: virtual image *Convex Mirrors http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/mirrorAberr.html spherical aberration

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