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Approaches to Poverty Alleviation and Development Strategies

Explore various economic paradigms, international assistance programs, financial sector adjustments, and the Millennium Development Goals addressing poverty and inequality. Learn about socialism, the Washington Consensus, Keynesian State, World Bank projects, UNDP initiatives, and practical solutions for sustainable development.

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Approaches to Poverty Alleviation and Development Strategies

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  1. Poverty and Development

  2. Addressing Poverty and Inequality Socialism and Communism -Redistribution of assets, equality, state control State sheltered industrialization, export-led growth -Subsidies, tariffs, private property, but large role of the state Washington Consensus -Liberalize: open trade, remove inefficient state support, remove controls on capital flows, cut the size of the state, privatize, restructure Keynesian State -Social safety nets

  3. Development Assistance • Official Development Assistance (ODA) • Bilateral • Multilateral: through international organizations • Private foundations and NGOs: • Ted Turner, Bill Gates Foundation, Hewlett Packard Foundation, Conservation International

  4. Meet the Fakers? 2000 ODA as Percent of GDP

  5. Million Promises to Keep?

  6. World Bank • Established by Bretton Woods Agreement (1944) • Dominated by largest donor countries • Assistance for restructuring and development • Infrastructure • Structural Adjustment Loans • Education, environment • Type of Assistance • Loans • Grants • Increasingly intrusive policy conditionality

  7. World Bank Project • Sardar Sarovar Dam, Narmada River, India

  8. Financial and Enterprise Sector Adjustment Loan (FESAL) Adjustment agriculture: $125mn Market development: $30mn Education: $14mn Access to healthcare: $26 Social protection: $24 World Bank: Total Lending to Bulgaria

  9. United Nations Development Programs (UNDP) • Core UN institution • Controlled by the UN General Assembly • Less resources compared to WB, IMF • Technical assistance for development • Capacity building • Limited technology transfer • The UN Human Development Index (HDI) • Measures well being • Alternative to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

  10. Paradigms of Development • Market Driven Growth • Objective: increase Gross Domestic Product (GDP) • Means: free market, get prices right, liberalize, modernize, new technology; more supply of food; • Example: Green Revolution • Sustainable Development • Focus on human well-being, both material and non-material • Means: community control of resources; empowerment of women, marginalized people, education, access to finances; entitlement and fairness • Example: State of Kerala, India

  11. Practical Solutions?

  12. Reform Domestic Institutions • Corruption • Judicial system • Social safety nets • Human capital • Social capital • Encourage savings and access to credit

  13. Jubilee 2000 Jubilee 2000: “A Coalition that brought together unlikely alliances like Puff Daddy and the Pope; Jesse Helms and Bono; the Sisters of the Sacred Heart and the Spice Girls.”

  14. The Malaria pandemic -30mn.cases/year -1mn. deaths -$12bn in lost GDP -90% in Africa Address Health Factors

  15. The Millennium Development Goals

  16. The Millennium Development GoalsInitiative of Kofi Annan and UN Agencies By 2015: • 1. Reduce by half extreme poverty and hunger • 2. Achieve universal primary education • 3. Eliminate gender inequality in primary and secondary education • 4. Reduce by 2/3 child mortality under 5 years of age • 5. Reduce by ¾ ratio of women dying in childbirth maternal • 6. Halt, begin to reverse spared of HIV/AIDS, malaria • 7. Ensure environmental sustainability • 8. Develop a global partnership for development

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