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Chapter 8 Solutions, Acids

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Chapter 8 Solutions, Acids

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    1. Chapter 8 – Solutions, Acids

    2. 8.3 Properties of Acids and Bases Acid – a compound that produces hydronium (H30+) ions when dissolved in water Properties of acids Sour taste Reactivity with metals Color changes in indicators Indicator – any substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base

    4. Base – a compound that produces (OH-) ions when dissolved in water Properties of Bases – Bitter taste Slippery feel Color changes in indicators

    6. Neutralization and Salts Neutralization Reaction Acid + Base ? Salt + Water Salt – neg. ions in acid combine with pos. ions in base to form an ionic compound called a salt.

    8. Acids donate protons Bases accept protons

    9. 8.4 Strength of Acids and Bases The pH Scale Scale from 0 – 14 Lower pH value = higher H3O+ concentration lower OH- concentration Higher pH value = lower H3O+ concentration higher OH- concentration

    11. Strong acids – ionize almost completely when dissolved in water Ex. H2SO4, HNO3 Strong bases – dissociate almost completely in water Ex. Ca(OH)2, KOH

    12. Weak Acids – ionize only slightly in water Weak Bases – dissociate only slightly in water Concentration AND strength both affect pH, so strong acids don’t necessarily always have low pHs and vice versa.

    13. Buffers – a solution that is resistant to large changes in pH Electrolytes – a substance that forms ions in water

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