Michael A. Goldberg Associate Vice President International University of British Columbia

1. Human Capacity Building for APEC Science, Technology & Innovation: Preconditions & Key Issues to SucceedAPEC-ISTWG Forum Paper Summary APRU-APEC Committee, 21 June 2002Sixth APRU Meeting, Berkeley, California Michael A. Goldberg Associate Vice President International University of British Columbia

2. The Contexts • Globalization • Need well-trained & educated people: for economic success & civic society • Knowledge-economy • APEC Demography • OECD APEC an aging more diverse population • Developing APEC a growing population • All face growing migration people movements • APEC includes 2 sets of quite different economies • Developed APEC economies • Developing APEC economies • Understanding-appreciating differences is crucial • Each has different HCB and S&T challenges

3. Overview of the Scoping Paper • Globalization • Demands of the global knowledge economy • Changing global economy S&T skills training & education for HCB across APEC • Critical HCB themes for S&T development • Start with general workplace & managerial skills • Move ahead to explore S&T capacity specifically • Challenges to meet, opportunities to seize • Moving ahead

4. Education Themes Summary • “Prisoners’ dilemma” of investing in people • Balance long-short term, theory-practice • Put experience in learning, learning to work • S&T skill build on work & management skills • Labour and learning markets tightly linked Conclusion & Goal: “Seamless access, measurable portable progress, and free movement in a responsive workplace, management and S&T education, skills and training system”

5. Linking Education/Training, S&T Knowledge Providers, the Labor Market and the Workforce Education & Training Providers S & T Knowledge Providers Experience Experience Experience Experience Exper ience The Workforce and Its Needs Job Creation and Labour Market Need Experience

6. Summary • Global forces are reshaping all economies • Cannot rely on natural resources-manufacturing • Human resources key to prosper now & future • Knowledge-economy demands HCB investing • 14 themes set foundation for S&T HCB • 9 opportunities identified in education/skills training system • Education, skills & training are linkedsystem • Need seamlessness and portability of training • Give general and digital access to on-going workplace, managerial and S&T learning

7. APEC Actions and Extensions I • Publicize and imitate successful programs • Need to change individual and organization learning cultures • Build public-private ties to foster learning & skills training • Create a sense of urgency to act now • May use top down public rules-subsidies: usually fail though

8. APEC Actions-Extensions II • Culture change better from bottom up • Tax/regulatory change can shift learning behavior • If learning “pays”: training-learning attitudes shift • Accelerated write-offs of education • Tax credits-depreciation for HCB • Change HCB accounting • Have firms investing in people good investments • New GAAP: HCB investments on balance sheet • “Human capital” auditing-accounting standards • How can capital markets value HCB investment?

9. APEC Actions - Extensions III • Publicize and share success stories • Coles Institute in Australia • ITAC industry partnerships in Canada • Small wins in small experiments in small places (Valemont, BC; Whitehorse, Yukon) • Look at learning outcomes; not spending inputs • Clear learning outcomes key to HCB by all • Challenges are formidable; so are gains • Globalknowledge economy gives no option: for APEC to prosper it must invest in people