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Freshwater Studies: Water Quality & Living Organisms

Freshwater Studies: Water Quality & Living Organisms. Part II: Biotic Indicators. Photo: R.B. Elder. Photo: M.B. Elder. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?.

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Freshwater Studies: Water Quality & Living Organisms

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  1. Freshwater Studies: Water Quality & Living Organisms Part II: Biotic Indicators Photo: R.B. Elder

  2. Photo: M.B. Elder

  3. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? TEMPERATURE Photo: M.B. Elder

  4. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? Optimal Temperature Range Organism Temp(°C) Trout 5-20 Smallmouth Bass 5-28 Caddisfly larvae 10-25 Mosquito larvae 10-25 Carp 10-25 Catfish 20-25 TEMPERATURE Photo: M.B. Elder

  5. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? Dissolved Oxygen Photo: M.B. Elder

  6. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? Minimum DO Requirements Organism DO (mg/l) Trout 6.5 Smallmouth Bass 6.5 Caddisfly larvae 4.0 Carp 2.0 Catfish 2.5 Mosquito larvae 1.0 Dissolved Oxygen Photo: M.B. Elder

  7. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? pH Photo: M.B. Elder

  8. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? Effects of pH on aquatic life pH Effect 4.0-4.5 All fish, most frogs, insects absent 5.0-5.5 Bacteria die. Detritus accumulates, locking up essential nutrients. 6.5-8.2 Optimal for most organisms 11.0-11.5 Rapidly lethal to all species of fish pH Photo: M.B. Elder

  9. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Photo: M.B. Elder

  10. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? Natural TDS come from rocks and soil from the watershed that drains into the stream, river, pond or lake. Changes in TDS can indicate a problem. If salts are high, dehydration occurs. Solids cause a laxative effect. Dissolved minerals can affect the pH, raising or lowering depending on the ions present. Range: 50-250 mg/l Total Dissolved Solids Photo: M.B. Elder

  11. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? Turbidity Photo: M.B. Elder

  12. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? High turbidity decreases sunlight which decreases the rate of photosynthesis. Water that is highly turbid will warm faster, decreasing the dissolved oxygen available for respiration of all organisms. Turbidity Photo: M.B. Elder

  13. How do we know what is living in a freshwater environment? Photo: M.B. Elder

  14. Photo: M.B. Elder

  15. Photo: M.B. Elder

  16. Photo: M.B. Elder

  17. Photo: M.B. Elder

  18. Photo: Smith Mountain Lake

  19. Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators • Includes • Insects • Crustaceans • Mollusks

  20. Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators • Sensitive to Changes • Cannot easily escape changes • Collected very easily

  21. Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators • What do macroinvertebrates do? • Job Example • Predators dragonfly, damselfly, beetles • Filter feeders mussels, fly larvae, midge larvae • Scrapers snails, mayfly larvae • Collectors worms, planarians • Shredders amphipods, caddisfly larvae

  22. Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators Group A: Very sensitive to Environmental Stresses Stoneflies Mayflies Caddisflies Dobsonflies Water penny Group B: Somewhat sensitive to Environmental Stresses Dragonflies Craneflies Damselflies Crayfish Scuds Group C: Tolerant to Environmental Stresses Midges Leeches Snails Pouch Snails Blackfly larva

  23. Conclusion: • Freshwater organisms-the Biotic part of the Freshwater environment- have “Limits” or “Optimal ranges” in water quality where they prefer to live. • The quality of water can be determined by what and how many organisms are living in that environment. • Macroinvertebrates are used to evaluate the quality and history of the water environment.

  24. End Power Point 2: “Biotic Indicators” • Photo credits-Used with permission • R.B. Elder • M.B. Elder • M.B. Elder • M.B. Elder • M.B. Elder • M.B. Elder • M.B. Elder • M.B. Elder • M.B. Elder • M.B. Elder • M.B. Elder • M.B. Elder 13. M.B. Elder 14. M.B. Elder 15.M.B. Elder 16. M.B.Elder 17. M.B. Elder 18. Smith Mountain Lake 19. Clipart 20 clipart 21. Clipart 22. Clipart 23. Clipart 24. clipart

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