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CHAPTER 2 Birth Defects, Prenatal Diagnosis, and Fetal Therapy. GENETIC ASSESSMENT SCREENING EVAlUATIONS DURING PREGNANCY Maternal Serum Screening Ultrasonography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Fetal Echocardiography INVASIVE DIAGNOSTIC TESTING Amniocentesis Chorionic Villus Sampling
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CHAPTER 2Birth Defects, Prenatal Diagnosis, and Fetal Therapy • GENETIC ASSESSMENT • SCREENING EVAlUATIONS DURING PREGNANCY • Maternal Serum Screening • Ultrasonography • Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Fetal Echocardiography • INVASIVE DIAGNOSTIC TESTING • Amniocentesis • Chorionic Villus Sampling • Diagnostic Testing of Fetal Cells • Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling • PREVENTION, FETAL THERAPY, AND ALTERNATIVE REPRODUCTIVE CHOICES • Prevention • Fetal Therapy • Alternative Reproductive Choices • In Vitro Fertilization • Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis • PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPLICATIONS • SUMMARY