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Cognitive level of analysis

Cognitive level of analysis. 3.1 Cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology. Includes: perception, thinking, problem solving, memory, language, and attention. Cognition refers to such processes. And cognition is based on one’s mental representation

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Cognitive level of analysis

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  1. Cognitive level of analysis 3.1 Cognitive processes

  2. Cognitive psychology • Includes: perception, thinking, problem solving, memory, language, and attention. • Cognition refers to such processes. • And cognition is based on one’s mental representation • A mental representation is every individual’s unique view of the world – due to one’s experiences. For example: what is right and wrong, gender roles, prejudice, view on education…

  3. Cognitive principles • Mental processes guide behaviour • The mind can be studied scientifically • Cognitive processes are influenced by social and cultural factors

  4. 1. Mental processes guide behaviour(people are active information processors) • The mind as a complex machine • Bottom-up processing (from the sensory system) • Processed in the mind by top-down processing (pre-stored information) • Finally – output (behaviour) • A link between what we think – and how we act

  5. 1. Mental processes guide behaviour(people are active information processors) • For example stereotyping (stereotype threat) • Our memory can be false due to the nature of reconstructing our memory • Our perception can deceive us – what we think is objectively experienced may just be our brain’s interpretation (context, frequency or recency influence) Example, the Ames room • Visual illusion + be a thinker on p. 69

  6. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCV2Ba5wrcs Ames room (Philip Zimbardo)

  7. 2. The mind can be studied scientifically • Experiments are commonly used – however now both in labs and in our daily lives • Today cognitive psychologists use case studies, brain scans, verbal protocols… anyone who would dare to try it??

  8. Memory tests • Go tohttp://nanok.com/stm/to test your Short term memory

  9. 3. Cognitive processes are influenced by social and cultural factors(memory, perception…) • Schema theory (Bartlett) memory is subject to distortions • War of the ghost story • Schema is a mental representation of knowledge

  10. Moving On…

  11. Moving on to Memory models • How does our memory work? Look like? • Structured? How is it divided? • How do we know? Do we know?

  12. Individual Work Write an answer to the following learning outcome: Evaluate two models or theories of one cognitive process with reference to research studies • The Multi-store model of memory p. 72-73 • The working memory model p. 73-76 More research can be found in other books such as : Oxford revision guides (see handout) The internet Note! First you have to describe them before evaluating them in your answer!

  13. Activity – save until later • War of the ghost story • Read it twice

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