Latest PHENIX Results on Heavy Quarks and Quarkonia Denis Jouan / PHENIX collaboration and

1. Latest PHENIX Results on Heavy Quarks and QuarkoniaDenis Jouan / PHENIX collaborationand D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

2. outlines • Introduction • Experimental set up • Quarkonia • Open heavyflavor p-p, A-A , dAu , CuAu D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

3. Heavyflavors as a probe of QGP • As suggested by T.Matsui and H.Satz (1986) Heavyflavors c and b quark production have specialinterest for testing the beginning of the collision process • Produced in the begining of the collision (mainly gluon fusion) • Quarkonia sensitive to QGP screening effect • Open charm and beauty also probe the hot matterproduced (atRHIC: perfectliquid) D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

4. Heavyflavorsmesons are good probes of manyphenomenon • pp the reference for the production process • dAunucleareffects (cold nuclearmatter) • A-A hot QCD medium Inversely, even if discovered 40 yearsago, quarkonia & heavy productions have still been subject to surprises in the last 20 years V. Kartvelishvili EPJconf49 13008 2013 There isstill to learn on the toolitself (see for instance: R.VogtN.P.B214(2011)147) D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

5. Quarkonia : thermometers of QGP • Initial stage effects • Nuclear parton distributions • collisions, all Cold hadronicmattereffects • Recombinations ? Meltingfromcolor screening in QGP (radius) But also H.Satz hep-ph 0609197v1 2006 • - Competingeffect, • Competingviewpoints ? • (ex: shadowing vs thermal, • with/without time evolution) • What cocktail in what proportions ? • This needs a set of equations • (=> detailedmeasurements) D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

6. nucleus parton distribution Anti-shadowing Startingfromparametrizationshadowing-antishadowingEMC , for gluons shadowing FromR.VogtPRC 71, 054902 (2005) EMC Using (Y, Pt) -> Xt or XP One finalytransforms the effect as a function of rapidity D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

7. RHICat Brookhaven National laboratory Collider from p to U, 3 to 500 GeV/n, p polarized Impressive increase of luminosityduring the last decade D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

8. 1.2>h>2.2 |h|<.35 µ+µ- Energy in calorimeter electron ID in RICH Tracking in Drift chamber FVTX and VTX : full forward and central vertex trackers in run 14 d Au D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

9. RAA Ncoll = Sncoll ncoll Npart Npartreflects the total energyavailable (->soft) Ncoll an estimate of the number of parton collisions (->hard) ( Ncoll~ α Npart4/3) Ncoll Au-Au Cu Cu Cu-Cu d-Au Npart D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

10. Charmonia Heavy quarks pairs: good probes: rare, weak light mesonscoupling, various states and bindingenergies But cc and Y’ feeding of J/Y (alsofrom open beauty) D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham Denis Jouan

11. From SPS to RHIC, and back: the suppression is stable Suppression and regenerationcompensate (Zhao & RappPRC 82 064905 2010) D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

12. Assymetric ions collision • - Au going: close to Au-Au • Cu going : strongerstart, but closer for most central (whereas Cu completelyabsorbed: contradictorywith corona effect) • - smallNpart: more suppression with Cu thanwith d Unexpected ? D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

13. Cold nuclearmatterreference: d-Au • Increasewith Pt. • Cronin multiple scatteringeffect • - Increase in most of the Au-going Y region PHENIX PRC87, 034904 (2013) gluon distributions are not verywellknown, but evenassumingshadowingantishadowing as for quarks, the assymetrybackward/forward and Pt distribution is not simultaneouslyreproduced D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

14. Similar in peripheralreactions, backward and forwardRdAu have differentevolution In the backwardregion the shadowing model leads to a decreasewith Pt (Perhaps the use of x1, x2, shouldbeupgraded ?) D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

15. PHENIX arXiv:1305.5516 Y’ Another surprise: much more important suppression for Y’ than for the Y The Y’ isexpected to meltbefore the J/Y, due to itslarger radius and smallerbindingenergy. It isobserved in SPS H.I.collisions, but not expected in d-Au atRHIC due to the smalleravailable time D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

16. arXiv:hep-ph/9907286 UnexpecteddifferencebetweenY’andY suppression at the beginning of the formation process. D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

17. PHENIX arXiv:1305.5516 more quarkoniaspeciesbecomeavailable prospects for thestudy of the quarkonia suppression with respect to theirbindingenergy Opening of new dimensions A consistent overall pattern of the relative suppression Toosoon to determine if there are severalregimeshere D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

18. U • Lowstatistics, then no significantconstraint. Reasonable agreement withNLOcalculations • Suggests a backward suppression, • alsoinduced by the parton distributions (EMCeffect) • A possible atypicalbehaviour of hard production (%soft) • and a unique PDF effect • (+cf J/psi ?) D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

19. Open HeavyFlavor Open flavor originates from the same production mechanism as quarkonia (R.Nelson, R.Vogt, A.D.Frawley arxiv:1210.4610 : aim at calculating quarkonia from model tuned on open flavor production) Harder than quarkonia to extract: must be separated from the contribution from low masses mesons c -> D (*, ̅, 0, +,s ….) -> D+,- or D0 or Ds+,- (~16%)(~7%)(~7%)-> lepton + anything (also b-> B->D + X ) [*] [*] a correlated component of likesigndimuons has been extracted (L.Patel, DIS2013) D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

20. Extracting the heavyflavorcomponent in the single lepton spectrum • Pions, Kaons , produce muons, but theirdecaylengthisseveralmeters, whereas B and D particles are at the 0.1-0.5 mm level • -> determine the corresponding fraction, related to the slope of the production rate as a function of the distance to the absorber • Another relative approachisused for electrons, with a converter , allowing to increase the photonic production of electrons Monte Carlo cocktails of all sources are basic important tools D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

21. Besidethis main trend, let’s looks a someother finerexperimentaldetails • Less interaction than light quarks expected (suppression of forward gluon radiation) • Strongcouplingobserved • modelssuggestsmall relaxation time or diffusion coefficient • Calls for extendedmodels: individual collisions (more important atRhic ?), dissociation in QGP, shadowing. • toward time evolution of medium and HF mesons ? (and separatetreatment for b and c) D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

22. p-p p-p is consistent withpreviousmeasurement and FONLL y D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

23. WithCu-CuFrom d-Au to Au-Au Strong change with ions: • dAu: increase, and with Pt • Au-Au decrease • Cu-Cu in between Single electronsfromheavyflavor in the central region d-Au and Au-Au : PRL 109 242301 2012 Ncoll 16 150 900 D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

24. Centrality and rapidity • A decreasewithcentrality, in the forwardhemisphere Enhancement in the central rapidity D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

25. PT <RAA> Displays a global trend from d-Au to Au-Au, with respect to Ncoll, Here in the central rapiditydomain Rise of Cronin effectthendamping ? D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

26. d-Au ? • Qualitatively compare withCu-Cu, • and for the forward/backwarddecreasewithquarkonia production But BackwardRdAu for J/psi has a reverse behaviour (decrease) D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

27. Summary/ final remarks • A set of extendedmeasurement has been obtained, allowing more detailed description of the changes from pp to Au-Au, in rapidity and Pt, thank to p-dAu, Cu-Au, Cu-Cu and energy scan . This allow to follow the evolution of production processes, from pp to Au-Au and sometimes reverse behavior are observedduringthisevolution • Whereas a general suppression isobserved for them in central AuAu collisions, Quarkonia and heavyflavor productions show partlysimilar trends, a global decrease of the production in the rapiditydomain of the lighter nucleus, but alsodefinitedifferences in particular in the backward (heavy nucleus) rapiditydomain. CuAu collisions display someunexpected trends, a stronger suppression of J/Y than in d-Au collisions, in the forwardregion. • This ongoingquest for more precise and detailedresults, for which new detectors will help soon, shows perhapsalreadysignsthat the characterization of the relative weight of the variouseffectswillbecomereachable. Pt-Y correlations, especially in backwarddomain, couldbring challenge for models. • New dimensions appears: time evolution of Y’, more quarkoniaspecies .. • The multidimensionalhighprecision set of equationsisperhaps not so far D.Jouan/PHENIX Strangeness in Quark Matter, Birmingham

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