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1. Unit 7-1 Exam Questions

2. Directions Click the indicated icon to begin the slide show Press the right arrow key on the keyboard once to reveal the answer Press the right arrow key once more to advance to the next question
3. Table of Contents Eisenhower Doctrine Brinkmanship Sputnik Nuclear Arms Race Interstate Highway Act Suburbanization Bomb Shelter Duck and Cover Economic Prosperity G.I. Bill Baby Boom Levittowns Montgomery Bus Boycott Little Rock Nine Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas Warren Court
4. Eisenhower Doctrine • Announcement of Eisenhower Doctrine (1957) • Operation Desert Storm (1991) • Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003 – present) These events involve attempts by the United States to (1) protect human rights in Europe (2) protect its interests in the Middle East (3) deliver humanitarian aid to Africa (4) contain the spread of communism in Asia
5. Eisenhower Doctrine The Eisenhower Doctrine (1957) was an effort by the United States to (1) gain control of the Suez Canal (2) take possession of Middle East oil wells (3) find a homeland for Palestinian refugees (4) counter the influence of the Soviet Union in the Middle East
6. Brinkmanship So far this term has only appeared on the exam as an incorrect answer choice. Brinkmanship: Refers to the multiple times the United States and the Soviet Union appeared to be on the “brink” of (very close to) an all-out nuclear war.
7. Sputnik Which pair of events shows a correct cause-and effect relationship? (1) secession of South Carolina → election of Abraham Lincoln (2) United States enters the Spanish-American War → sinking of the USS Maine (3) passage of the Meat Inspection Act → publication of The Jungle (4) Soviets launch Sputnik → United States lands astronauts on the Moon
8. Sputnik Which event of the 1950s most likely led to the publication of this cartoon? (1) Russia put cosmonauts on the Moon. (2) The Soviet Union launched the Sputnik satellite. (3) The United States was defeated in the Vietnam War. (4) American students scored low on tests in math and science.
9. Sputnik Which event marked the beginning of the space race with the Soviet Union? (1) U-2 spy plane incident (2) launch of Sputnik (3) Berlin airlift (4) creation of the space shuttle program
10. Sputnik Which of these events related to space exploration occurred first? (1) Neil Armstrong walking on the Moon (2) development of the space shuttle (3) John Glenn orbiting Earth (4) launching of Sputnik
11. Sputnik Which event best completes this graphic organizer? (1) Vietnam War (2) Holocaust (3) Persian Gulf War (4) D-Day invasion
12. Sputnik Which development led to the other three? (1) The United States government increased funding for science and math education. (2) The Soviet Union launched the Sputnik satellite. (3) A joint Soviet-American space mission was announced. (4) President John F. Kennedy set the goal of landing a man on the Moon.
13. Nuclear Arms Race What is the main idea of this 1945 cartoon? (1) The world community needs to stop the spread of nuclear weapons. (2) Korea’s development of atomic bombs has threatened world peace. (3) The Treaty of Versailles was successful in preventing World War II. (4) Germany should be criticized for using atomic bombs.
14. Nuclear Arms Race The Cuban missile crisis (1962) influenced President John F. Kennedy’s decision to (1) negotiate the limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with the Soviet Union (2) reduce the nation’s commitment to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (3) forbid Americans to trade with and travel to Latin America (4) send Peace Corps volunteers to aid developing countries
15. Nuclear Arms Race A controversial issue that resulted from World War II was the (1) future role of the League of Nations (2) morality of nuclear warfare (3) commitment of troops without congressional approval (4) civilian control of the military
16. Nuclear Arms Race Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to (1) work on the development of an atomic bomb (2) increase economic production to meet wartime demands (3) defend New York City against a nuclear attack (4) recruit men for the military services
17. Nuclear Arms Race What does this photograph indicate about the United States in the 1950s? (1) Extraordinary steps were taken to hide atomic weapons. (2) The nation had become the only nuclear superpower. (3) Much fear was created by the Cold War. (4) Only government officials would be safe in a nuclear attack.
18. Nuclear Arms Race What was one outcome of the Cuban missile crisis in 1962? (1) Cuba became a communist nation. (2) The United States seized military control of Cuba. (3) The Soviet Union withdrew its nuclear missiles from Cuba. (4) Fidel Castro met with President John F. Kennedy.
19. Nuclear Arms Race … Just over a month ago, General Secretary Gorbachev [of the Soviet Union] and I met for the first time in Geneva. Our purpose was to begin a fresh chapter in the relations between our two countries and to try to reduce the suspicions and mistrust between us. I think we made a good beginning. Mr. Gorbachev and I spent many hours together, speaking frankly and seriously about the most important issues of our time: reducing the massive nuclear arsenals on both sides, resolving regional conflicts, ensuring respect for human rights as guaranteed under international agreements, and other questions of mutual interest. As the elected representative of the American people, I told Mr. Gorbachev of our deep desire for peace and that the American people do not wish the Soviet people any harm.… — President Ronald Reagan, January 1, 1986 One major issue that dominated United States–Soviet relations at this time was the (1) war in Southeast Asia (2) use of apartheid in South Africa (3) danger of nuclear destruction (4) threat from al Qaeda in the Middle East
20. Nuclear Arms Race “This Government, as promised, has maintained the closest surveillance of the Soviet Military buildup on the island of Cuba. Within the past week, unmistakable evidence has established the fact that a series of offensive missile sites is now in preparation on that imprisoned island. The purpose of these bases can be none other than to provide a nuclear strike capability against the Western Hemisphere. . . .” — President John F. Kennedy, October 22, 1962 Which action did President Kennedy take following this statement? (1) urging Allied forces to remove Soviet weapons from Cuba (2) ordering a naval quarantine of Cuba (3) breaking off diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union (4) asking the United Nations to stop grain shipments to the Soviet Union The crisis described in this passage was resolved when (1) Cuba became a capitalist nation (2) the United States seized control of Cuba (3) Soviet Premier Nikita Khruschev met with President Kennedy (4) the Soviet Union withdrew its missiles from Cuba
21. Nuclear Arms Race . . . But this secret, swift, and extraordinary buildup of Communist missiles—in an area well known to have a special and historical relationship to the United States and the nations of the Western Hemisphere, in violation of Soviet assurances, and in defiance of American and hemispheric policy— this sudden, clandestine [secret] decision to station strategic weapons for the first time outside of Soviet soil—is a deliberately provocative and unjustified change in the status quo which cannot be accepted by this country, if our courage and our commitments are ever to be trusted again by either friend or foe. . . . — President John F. Kennedy, October 22, 1962 This statement is most closely associated with the (1) Bay of Pigs invasion (2) Cuban missile crisis (3) United States-Soviet space race (4) nuclear test ban controversy
22. Interstate Highway Act As a result of the Interstate Highway Act of 1956, the United States experienced (1) increased suburban growth (2) the elimination of urban renewal programs (3) less air pollution from motor vehicles (4) a reduction in United States dependence on foreign oil
23. Interstate Highway Act Which pair of events shows a correct cause-and-effect relationship? (1) Mexican War > Trail of Tears (2) Harlem Renaissance > Great Migration (3) increase in organized crime > adoption of national Prohibition (4) passage of Interstate Highway Act > increase in suburbanization
24. Interstate Highway Act Which development resulted from the construction of the interstate highway system? (1) increased suburbanization (2) reduced air pollution (3) decreased fuel consumption (4) growth of long-distance passenger train service
25. Interstate Highway Act The Pacific [Transcontinental] Railway Act (1862) and the Interstate Highway Act (1956) are both examples of (1) federally supported internal improvement projects linking the nation (2) regional construction projects coordinated by southern and western states (3) military projects required to meet the needs of the defense industry (4) transportation legislation designed to encourage foreign trade
26. Suburbanization Which pair of events shows a correct cause-and-effect relationship? (1) Mexican War > Trail of Tears (2) Harlem Renaissance > Great Migration (3) increase in organized crime > adoption of national Prohibition (4) passage of Interstate Highway Act > increase in suburbanization
27. Suburbanization Which development resulted from the construction of the interstate highway system? (1) increased suburbanization (2) reduced air pollution (3) decreased fuel consumption (4) growth of long-distance passenger train service
28. Suburbanization As a result of the Interstate Highway Act of 1956, the United States experienced (1) increased suburban growth (2) the elimination of urban renewal programs (3) less air pollution from motor vehicles (4) a reduction in United States dependence on foreign oil
29. Suburbanization This photograph shows the post–World War II growth that was typical of (1) tourist resorts (2) suburban communities (3) inner cities (4) public housing projects
30. Suburbanization Which factor directly contributed to the growth of suburban communities after World War II? (1) Mass transit systems closed. (2) Property taxes were eliminated in many towns. (3) Returning veterans created a demand for housing. (4) Widespread mortgage foreclosures caused farmers to leave rural areas.
31. Suburbanization Since the end of World War II (1945), what has been a major effect of population change in the United States? (1) The Social Security system went bankrupt. (2) Demand for medical facilities has declined. (3) A surplus of unskilled workers has led to decreased immigration. (4) Suburban areas have grown faster than cities.
32. Bomb Shelter Which heading is most appropriate for the partial outline below? (1) Results of World War I (2) The Cold War at Home (3) Problems of Urbanization (4) Reactions to Immigration
33. Bomb Shelter What does this photograph indicate about the United States in the 1950s? (1) Extraordinary steps were taken to hide atomic weapons. (2) The nation had become the only nuclear superpower. (3) Much fear was created by the Cold War. (4) Only government officials would be safe in a nuclear attack.
34. Duck and Cover So far this term has not shown up in the multiple choice portion of the regents exam. Duck and Cover: This was a method taught to students at the height of the Cold War with the Soviet Union. Students in schools were taught that if an alarm sounded indicating a nuclear attack they should “duck and cover” themselves under their desk to avoid being hit by falling debris.
35. Economic Prosperity So far this term has appeared in multiple choice questions only in reference to the successful American economy following World War I however economic prosperity also occurred following World War II due to war time production. Many people credit war-time production (rather than the New Deal) with bringing the United States out of the Great Depression.
36. G.I. Bill The GI Bill affected American society after World War II by (1) eliminating child labor (2) expanding voting rights (3) increasing spending on space exploration (4) extending educational and housing opportunities
37. G.I. Bill What was the main purpose of the GI Bill passed by Congress shortly before the end of World War II? (1) to offer low-interest loans to the defense industry (2) to provide economic aid to veterans (3) to contain the spread of international communism (4) to expand career opportunities in the military
38. G.I. Bill The GI Bill helped soldiers who served in World War II by (1) mandating integration of the military (2) funding college education for veterans (3) requiring women to surrender their wartime jobs to men (4) eliminating union seniority rules that hurt veterans
39. G.I. Bill What was a major result of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI Bill)? (1) Millions of veterans received a college education. (2) Women kept their factory jobs after World War II. (3) Jobs were created by the Manhattan Project. (4) Veterans were exempted from gasoline rationing.
40. G.I. Bill A major purpose of the GI Bill (1944) was to (1) replace the draft near the end of World War II (2) prohibit racial discrimination in the armed forces (3) provide federal funds for veterans to attend college (4) increase the number of women working in defense industries
41. G.I. Bill A major purpose of the GI Bill was to provide World War II veterans with (1) educational opportunities after the war (2) protection against racial discrimination (3) civilian jobs in the military (4) increased Social Security payments
42. Baby Boom Population increases that resulted from the baby boom of the 1950s and 1960s contributed to a (1) housing surplus (2) drop in immigration (3) reduction in government services (4) rise in demand for consumer goods
43. Baby Boom Which situation can be inferred from the population trend shown on the graph? (1) In the 1980s, more new schools were needed than in the early 1960s. (2) In the 1970s, there was increased migration to the northeast. (3) In the 1980s, the number of baby boomers was recognized as a threat to the future of Social Security benefits. (4) In the 1990s, death rates increased.
44. Baby Boom Information on the graph shows that the birthrate peaked in (1) 1940 (2) 1947 (3) 1957 (4) 1970
45. Baby Boom During the next 30 years, what will be the most likely impact of the baby boom that followed World War II? (1) More money will be spent on national defense. (2) The cost of health care will decrease. (3) Social Security will have to provide for increasing numbers of retired people. (4) The elderly will be the smallest segment of the population.
46. Baby Boom One reason some people support raising the eligibility age for receiving Social Security benefits is that (1) most Americans now have access to free health care (2) people are living longer today (3) the federal government has had record budget surpluses in recent years (4) baby boomers will begin to retire after the year 2030
47. Baby Boom The baby boom after World War II led directly to (1) a decrease in spending for public education (2) a return to a rural lifestyle (3) an increased demand for housing (4) a decrease in consumer spending
48. Baby Boom Which development led to the other three? (1) growth of new home construction (2) increase in school populations (3) start of the baby boom (4) pressure on the Social Security system
49. Levittowns So far this term has not appeared in a multiple choice question. Levittowns: Designed by William Levitt, these were towns consisting of homes designed to be built quickly and efficiently in an assembly line style. They were built specifically to provide affordable housing for the families of soldiers returning home from World War II.
50. Montgomery Bus Boycott Which event was a result of the other three? (1) sit-ins at whites-only lunch counters in Greensboro, North Carolina (2) Martin Luther King Jr.’s March on Washington, D. C. (3) signing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (4) bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama
51. Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks was honored at the March on Washington for her part in (1) bringing about the Montgomery bus boycott (2) integrating Little Rock Central High School (3) forming the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (4) organizing lunch counter sit-ins in Greensboro, North Carolina
52. Little Rock Nine The president acted as commander in chief in response to which event of the civil rights movement? (1) refusal of the governor of Arkansas to obey a federal court order to integrate public schools in Little Rock (2) desegregation of the city bus system in Montgomery, Alabama (3) arrest of Martin Luther King Jr. during protests in Birmingham, Alabama (4) assassination of Medgar Evers in Mississippi
53. Little Rock Nine “President Jackson Signs Force Bill Against South Carolina” “Congress Declares Southern States Must Accept 14th Amendment” “President Eisenhower Sends Federal Troops to Little Rock, Arkansas” Which principle is illustrated by these headlines? (1) executive privilege (2) popular sovereignty (3) limited government (4) federal supremacy
54. Little Rock Nine When President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957, he was fulfilling his presidential role as (1) chief executive (2) chief diplomat (3) head of state (4) head of his political party
55. Little Rock Nine . . . Whenever normal agencies prove inadequate to the task and it becomes necessary for the Executive Branch of the Federal Government to use its powers and authority to uphold Federal Courts, the President’s responsibility is inescapable. In accordance with that responsibility, I have today issued an Executive Order directing the use of troops under Federal authority to aid in the execution of Federal law at Little Rock, Arkansas. This became necessary when my Proclamation of yesterday was not observed, and the obstruction of justice still continues. . . . — President Dwight D. Eisenhower, September 24, 1957 The situation described in this statement grew out of efforts to (1) uphold the Voting Rights Act (2) pass a constitutional amendment ending poll taxes (3) enforce the decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (4) extend the Montgomery bus boycott to Little Rock
56. Little Rock Nine In 1957, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to (1) protect civil rights marchers (2) help African Americans register to vote (3) enforce a Supreme Court decision to desegregate public schools (4) end race riots resulting from a bus boycott
57. Little Rock Nine Which action by the federal government would Jackie Robinson most likely have supported to achieve his stated goals? (1) federal assistance to expand segregated facilities (2) creation of additional job training programs (3) appointment of a commission to study the causes of urban race riots (4) faster implementation of the decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
58. Little Rock Nine When Jackie Robinson mentions President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s experience with Governor Faubus, he is referring to the action the president took in (1) hiring minority workers to build the interstate highway system (2) sending federal troops to Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas (3) supporting the Montgomery bus boycott (4) ordering that all military bases located in southern states be integrated
59. Little Rock Nine Which action did President Dwight D. Eisenhower take to enforce this Supreme Court decision? (1) ordering the closing of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas (2) sending United States Army troops to enforce school integration (3) proposing legislation in support of school segregation (4) transferring white students to a new public high school
60. Little Rock Nine President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957 to (1) supervise local elections (2) enforce school integration (3) end a bus boycott (4) break up a steel strike
61. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas What is a valid generalization that can be drawn from this photograph? (1) Activists often advocate taking over the government. (2) Demonstrators use nonviolent means to demand equal rights. (3) Civil rights leaders supported “separate but equal” education. (4) Protesters encouraged a nationwide strike by teachers.
62. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas The delay in implementing which Supreme Court decision helped lead to the protest shown in this photograph? (1) Plessy v. Ferguson (2) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (3) Tinker v. Des Moines (4) New Jersey v. T. L. O.
63. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas Which conclusion about the success of efforts to end segregation in public schools in the 1950s and 1960s can be drawn from the map? (1) In 1964, a majority of southern states had no integrated schools. (2) State governments were slow to integrate public school systems. (3) A higher percentage of African American students attended integrated public schools in Arkansas than in Oklahoma. (4) Prior to 1964, a majority of African American students attended integrated schools in former Confederate States.
64. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas The information on the map shows how southern states responded to (1) demands for affirmative action programs (2) civil rights legislation to ban segregation in restaurants (3) state programs to implement school busing initiatives (4) the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
65. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas Which sequence shows the correct order of events related to the history of African Americans in the United States? (1) Radical Reconstruction > Emancipation Proclamation > Brown v. Board of Education decision > Great Migration (2) Emancipation Proclamation > Radical Reconstruction > Great Migration > Brown v. Board of Education decision (3) Great Migration > Emancipation Proclamation > Brown v. Board of Education decision > Radical Reconstruction (4) Brown v. Board of Education decision > Great Migration > Radical Reconstruction > Emancipation Proclamation
66. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas . . . Whenever normal agencies prove inadequate to the task and it becomes necessary for the Executive Branch of the Federal Government to use its powers and authority to uphold Federal Courts, the President’s responsibility is inescapable. In accordance with that responsibility, I have today issued an Executive Order directing the use of troops under Federal authority to aid in the execution of Federal law at Little Rock, Arkansas. This became necessary when my Proclamation of yesterday was not observed, and the obstruction of justice still continues. . . . — President Dwight D. Eisenhower, September 24, 1957 The situation described in this statement grew out of efforts to (1) uphold the Voting Rights Act (2) pass a constitutional amendment ending poll taxes (3) enforce the decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (4) extend the Montgomery bus boycott to Little Rock
67. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas The school desegregation that is shown on the map was most affected by the (1) decline of the Ku Klux Klan (2) passage of the equal rights amendment (3) expansion of voting rights for African Americans (4) decision of the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
68. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas In 1954, the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka advanced the civil rights movement by (1) guaranteeing equal voting rights to African Americans (2) banning racial segregation in hotels and restaurants (3) declaring that racial segregation in public schools violated the 14th amendment (4) upholding the principle of separate but equal public facilities
69. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas Which constitutional principle was tested in the cases of Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka? (1) separation of powers (2) popular sovereignty (3) equal protection of the law (4) separation of church and state
70. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas Which action by the federal government would Jackie Robinson most likely have supported to achieve his stated goals? (1) federal assistance to expand segregated facilities (2) creation of additional job training programs (3) appointment of a commission to study the causes of urban race riots (4) faster implementation of the decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
71. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas … It is important that the reasons for my action be understood by all our citizens. As you know, the Supreme Court of the United States has decided that separate public educational facilities for the races are inherently unequal and therefore compulsory school segregation laws are unconstitutional.… — President Dwight D. Eisenhower, September 24, 1957 Which Supreme Court case is referred to in this quotation? (1) Dred Scott v. Sanford (2) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (3) Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (4) Tinker v. Des Moines School District
72. Warren Court Many multiple choice questions address decisions made by the “Warren Court”. Some of these cases are listed below. Between 1953 and 1969, the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court was Earl Warren. Supreme Court decisions made during the “Warren Court” era led to significant changes in various aspects of life in the United States. Several important court cases affected equal protection under the law, separation of church and state, and the rights of individuals accused of crimes. Warren Court decisions include… Brown v. Board of Education (1954) reverses separate but equal Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Extended exclusionary rule to the states. Baker v. Carr (1962) equal rights to voters regardless of where they lived. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Limited police interrogations of criminal suspects. “You have the right to remain silent.” United States v. Wade (1967) *this is not Roe v. Wade The right to have a lawyer present during police line-ups.