Volt Var Optimization Pilot Deployment and Evaluation at PG&E

1. Volt Var Optimization Pilot Deployment and Evaluation at PG&E September 21, 2015

2. Agenda • Introductions • PG&E VVO Pilot Background and Plan • Phase 1 Deployment • Phase 2 Deployment and Monitoring • Summary and Q&A

3. Introductions Rustom Dessai, P.E. Expert Specialist EDSO Emerging Grid Technology Pacific Gas & Electric Andrew Hanson, P.E., Ph. D. Senior Manager Accenture Smart Grid Services – Grid Operations and Automation

4. Agenda • Introductions • PG&E VVO Pilot Background and Plan • Phase 1 Deployment • Phase 2 Deployment and Monitoring • Summary and Q&A

5. PG&E Smart Grid VVO Background • Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) received approval from the California Public Utilities Commission to execute a VVO pilot project under CPUC Order A 4227-E with the purpose to “improve overall efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of electrical system operations, planning, and maintenance” as stated in California SB 17. • The VVO pilot is intended to demonstrate capabilities that will contribute to the goals outlined in California SB 17, through: • Reduced Energy Use • Reduced Peak Demand • Reduced System Losses • Additionally, VVO may provide a number of indirect benefits including: • Distributed Energy Resource Integration Accommodation • Improved Power Quality • Maintenance Efficiency Improvement / Equipment Failure Notification

6. VVO Technology Overview • VVO incorporates sensing, communications and computing to more tightly control voltage delivered to customers • Reducing voltage drives energy efficiency through Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) – reducing delivered voltage reduces energy consumption without sacrificing device/appliance performance & customer satisfaction • Has the promise to deliver: • 1-2% reduction in energy demand and consumption • Improved voltage controlon circuits with high DG penetration Distributed Generation Customer Load Line Regulator Line Capacitor Substation LTC Original Voltage 126V Voltage with VVO 120V 114V

7. Phase 1 – Goals and Objectives • Assess available Volt/VAR optimization systems to identify solutions meeting PG&E’s needs • Identify the technology requirements necessary to support Volt/VAR optimization system implementation • In a laboratory environment, test the selected Volt/VAR optimization systems and devices and identify the specific solution and supporting technologies to use for the field pilot. • Perform a benefits assessment that will be used to support a recommendation to proceed to Phase 2 (the field trial stage of the pilot project)

8. Phase 2 – Goals and Objectives • Deploy in field setting to support development of engineering, processes and procedures that may support larger scale rollout • Evaluate volt/var optimization platform performance in field settings across circuits with a variety of characteristics (e.g. length, customer class, loading, etc.) • Identify potential “circuit conditioning” actions that may improve functionality of volt/var solutions (e.g. phase balancing, low voltage remediation, etc.) • Collect data to support refinement of potential wide scale deployment benefits forecast

9. High-Level Target VVO Pilot Timeline Additional testing to evaluate major vendor upgrades and changes to ecosystem (e.g., controller upgrades) Base Testing Advice Letter Engineering & Estimating Field Const Operate VVO VVO Go Live Project Closeout Report Circuit Conditioning (e.g, Phase Balancing) IT Design& Build

10. Agenda • Introductions • PG&E VVO Pilot Background and Plan • Phase 1 Deployment • Phase 2 Deployment and Monitoring • Summary and Q&A

11. DTY and Test Harness Network Model Distribution Test Yard SCADA Test VVO AMI Head End Meter Simulator Meter Farm PG&E utilized the distribution test yard (DTY) to simulate circuit responses to VVO operation, allowing evaluation of vendor solution performance prior to field deployment.

12. Testing Methodology • Each Test Case assigned a priority (priority 1 tests are based on safety and reliability requirements) • Each test has specific pass criteria, but they often include the following requirements: • Maintain voltage and power factor compliance • Notify Operator of any issues • Maintain Operator control of VVO • Return all field devices to local control if VVO disables • Each Test Case has an associated Test Procedure and initial settings file for simulation engine • Tester follows the test procedure, noting significant events and completion criteria • Defects for any tests are logged • All CYME data from tests are saved for further analysis (see next slide for details)

13. Data Captured from Tests • Voltages at all capacitors • Voltage, voltage angle, current and current angle for LTC, station meter, circuit breakers, reclosers, regulators, and interconnection switch statuses • Voltage at LVMs • Capacitor status (on or off) for capacitors • Breaker, recloser and interconnection switch status • Regulator and LTC position for all regulating devices • Voltage of all nodes in the model • LTC power factor and a list of all nodes that are above high voltage threshold or below low voltage threshold for each load iteration • Voltage at all of the spot load locations (transformers) • Incremental loading file for each test case • Initial setting conditions for each test case

14. Anatomy of Test Case – Sustained Outage at Circuit Breaker with SCADA

15. Agenda • Introductions • PG&E VVO Pilot Background and Plan • Phase 1 Deployment • Phase 2 Deployment and Monitoring • Summary and Q&A

16. Circuit Selection and Deployment • Feeder selection criteria developed to identify a population of feeders with attractive characteristics for the Phase 2 field deployment. Factors considered in selection of test feeders include: • Geographic Proximity (Central Valley Region) • SCADA Availability Required • Feeder Loading Variation • Feeder Length Variation • Customer Classification Mix • Loading Characteristics Mix (Load Factor, balance, DG penetration) • Communication Coverage • No Planned Disruptive Modifications • Local Knowledge (Avoid Sensitive Customers) • Testing Parity for Vendors

17. Circuit Selection and Deployment LTC Upgrades Line Regulator Line Voltage Monitor Twelve circuits from four substation LTC banks selected: Airways Bank 1 Barton Bank 3 Pinedale Bank 1 Woodward Bank 2 Upgrades to facilitate VVO included Capacitor bank controllers LTC Controllers Voltage Regulator controls Line Voltage Monitors

18. Smart Meter Monitoring SmartMeter voltage data on targeted pilot feeders collected since January 2014. This data is being analyzed to understand: • Magnitude of available voltage and energy reductions • Opportunities to modify feeders to enhance VVO benefits • Opportunities to modify specific service point locations to enhance VVO benefits • Required modifications to optimize SmartMeter polling and data availability to enable VVO • Effects of DG on the VVO circuits SmartMeter voltage data is used to: • Understand operational impacts on customer voltages, and to ensure there are no unintended impacts to proper system voltage levels. • Improve VVO performance and understand VVO effectiveness in flattening and reducing voltage profiles including to refine assumptions about service transformer and secondary voltage drops to more accurately forecast benefits that may be associated with a broader deployment.

19. Performance Analysis Tool Overview Current Uses Future • Data and dashboards designed by VVO team to analyze SCADA and SmartMeter data using Tableau, PI, and Excel • Combines data from multiple sources including: SCADA, UIQ, CEDSA, CC&B, ENOS, and DMS • Continually evolving based on user input and field needs • Real time visibility into equipment operation and VVO status (enable/disable) • Proactive identification ofissues • Analysis of equipment health based on historic data • Analyze settings and effects of VVO • Speeds up troubleshooting • Avoids truck rolls for spot checks and RVMs • Integrated into one enterprise tool • Use beyond just VVO feeders for compliance, planning, and troubleshooting • Integrated with GIS equipment maps • Automated reporting and alarming on non-VVO feeders • More real-time data

20. PI Monitoring • Visibility uncovers issues previously undetected • VVO creating logic, calculations, and email notifications using PI data Limit

21. Tableau SmartMeter Voltage Analysis • First automated tool at PG&E to help engineers analyze and visualize SmartMeter voltages • Geospatial maps combined with trending and tables • Uncovers issues proactively before customers call in • SmartMeter voltage data overcomes deficiencies of SCADA data by including the effects of the secondary system on customer voltages

22. Issue Identification and Resolution

23. Secondary Voltage Conditioning • Compliments Existing SG Pilots: • Relief of VVO customer voltage constraints • Management / accommodation of distributed resource impacts • Secondary monitoring points to supplement/improve VVO accuracy • Allow piloting of control / impact of secondary conditioning • Multiple Potential Secondary Voltage Conditioning Platforms • “Traditional” System Upgrades (Transformer, secondary changeouts) • Secondary Conditioning Devices (e.g. GridCo, Varantec type devices) • Smart Inverters (PV installations)

24. Staged Integration of VVO and Smart Inverters Unknown: What will VVO be allowed to control in the field? Phase 1 – No Control, Real Power Monitoring • VVO communicates with “conventional” (unity PF) Smart Inverters (SIs) to read only the real power output, but have no control. Phase 2 – No Control, Settings and Power Monitoring • VVO communicates with “smart” (Volt-VAR or PF set) SIs to know SI settings and the real and reactive power outputs, but have no control Phase 3 – Pre-Scheduled Control, Settings and Power Monitoring • VVO communicates with SIs to know the real and reactive power outputs, and can change the SI settings infrequently on a pre-scheduled basis Phase 4 – Dynamic Control, Settings and Power Monitoring • VVO communicates with SIs to know the real and reactive power outputs, and can change the SI settings dynamically based on conditions

25. Agenda • Introductions • PG&E VVO Pilot Background and Plan • Vendor Selection • Phase 1 Deployment • Phase 2 Deployment and Monitoring • Summary and Q&A