Quote of the Day #8 & 9

1. Quote of the Day #8 & 9 “Science is simply common sense at its best—that is, rigidly accurate in observation, and merciless to fallacy in logic. “All we know is, nothing can be known.” --Lord Byron

2. Be Careful! Looks like storms today

3. Announcements This WEEK: Thursday: Soccer @ Heights (BIG GAME) Tennis vs Northwest Friday:Track @ Campus Baseball vsNorthwest (BIG GAME) Saturday: Tennis @ Collegiate // PROM

4. April 22nd Outcomes Students will review the scientific revolution and its influence. Students will reflect on their own experiences to evaluate their accomplishments and their value. Students will begin to explore the enlightenment To Do List Review Scientific Revolution- Discuss and Reflect (notes on scientific revolution) Written Assignment- “Shoulders of Giants” Intro The Enlightenment

5. Chapter 18The West On the Eve Of a New World Order Read the Intro Evolution of Thought Pre – Greek------Romans-----M.A.-----Renaissance Opening Act What is the scientific view during the Medieval Period? Intellectual Ethos—( Belief System) based on Rationalism (reason) & Secularism (Worldly)

6. Noteworthy AstronomersChanging Minds • Nicolaus Copernicus- Polish • TychoBrahe- Danish • Johannes Kepler- German • Galileo Galilei-Florentine • Astronomer/ Church Law- theorized planets & stars move • Major Challenge to religious and scientific belief (sun center • Astronomer- Recorded 20 years of star gazing- observation • Assistant to Brahe- used Brahe’s data to create 3 Rules • 1. Orbits are elliptical 2. Planets vary speed 3. Orbit-distance • Astronomer/ Mathematician- experimented with motion

7. Noteworthy MaterialChanging Minds • Nicolaus Copernicus- Theorize • Tycho Brahe- Observe • Johannes Kepler- Collect Data • Galileo Galilei- Experiment

8. Creation of the Scientific MethodA way of thinking

9. Creation of the Scientific MethodA way of thinking • Science and Math are about absolutes • Some of the earlier quotes that I gave you • Science is about theorizing • Science is about testing • Science is about finding things to be true • However, science was not accepted until about 1640 • How does it affect your lives today??? • Think about your favorite hobby- how is science influencing it?????

10. ScienceIt’s affects on modern man • In your notebook- please identify your hobby • Now, think about how science has influenced your hobby? • What conclusions have you drawn?

11. Isaac Newton • What is Newton’s claim to fame?? • Newton makes the statement United the theories of motion in the heavens and the earth Mathematics explained the relationship of planets, movement, and mechanics------natural laws This influenced his world-machine view “If I have seen further (than others), it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants”

14. “If I have seen further (than others), it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants” • What is meant by this statement? • Think of an example in your life in which this has occurred for you

15. Quote of the Day #8 & 9 “Science is simply common sense at its best—that is, rigidly accurate in observation, and merciless to fallacy in logic. “All we know is, nothing can be known.” --Lord Byron

16. Causes and Consequences of the Scientific Revolution. 1. Rise of new universities allowed for philosophy to emerged The inquiry influenced every major discipline 2. Science emerged as a branch of Philosophy – then was divided (math, astronomy, and physics) 3. Renaissance stimulated science- People looked for great works of the ancients- math 4. Navigational problems stimulated science / math Nations worked for solutions to improve sea travel, find long-lat stimulated the creation of instruments-clock, microscope, telescope

17. Causes and Consequences of the Scientific Revolution. • Rise in a new group of people • International science community- • Shared knowledge • Continual advancement • Highly competitive • New Scientific Method • Very different than old way of gaining knowledge • Conclusions based on proof, not tradition or sacred text • New way of thinking • These ideas DID NOT make their way to applied sciences • DID NOT radically change the way people lived.

18. ReviewConsequences of the Scientific Revolution. • Rise in a new group of people • International science community- • Shared knowledge • Continual advancement • Highly competitive • New Scientific Method • Very different than old way of gaining knowledge • Conclusions based on proof, not tradition or sacred text • New way of thinking • These ideas DID NOT make their way to applied sciences • DID NOT radically change the way people lived.

19. Timeline of the Scientific Revolution 1300-1500 Renaissance stimulates development of math Early 1500s Aristotle’s ideas on movement and universe still dominant 1543 Copernicus publishes On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres 1572, 1577 New Star & Comet create more doubts about traditional astronomy 1546-1601 Tycho Brahe- creates mass of observations 1571-1630 Johannes Kepler- creates 3 laws that support Copernican theory, & demolish Aristotle’s beliefs 1589- Galileo Galilei- named professor of mathematics 1610- Galileo studies moon with telescope & writes on experience 1561-1626 Francis Bacon- advocates experimental (inductive-general to spec) 1596-1650 Rene Descartes- discover analytical geometry (deductive-using rul) To about 1630 All religious authorities oppose Copernican theory About 1632 Galileo tried by papal inquistion 1622 Royal Society of London founded- brings scientists together 1687 Isaac Newton publishes his Principia, synthesizing existing knowledge To late 1700s Consequences of scientific revolution primarily intellectual

20. Reflection Time • What’s the most important idea to you up to this point? • What are the effects of the scientific revolution? • How does it continue to influence our thinking today.

21. The Enlightenmentthe New Way of Thinking • Scientific Revolution changed the way people thought. Ushered in a new period – the Enlightenment • The Enlightenment -an 18th-century intellectual movement in Western Europe that emphasized reason and science in philosophy and in the study of human culture and the natural world. ( reached it maturity about 1750) • Yet, period of 1687 (Newton) to 1715 that tied science with society

22. The Enlightenment • People began to think that the methods of studying natural science could/should be used to examine all aspects of life. • All things submitted to Rational, Critical, Scientific way of thinking- • Society, Politics, and Religion • Laws of human society could be discovered • With this info, there was an ability to make progress and improve these areas (STOP—THINK ABOUT WHAT THAT MEANS)

23. The Enlightenment • As an age, the Enlightenment • Was thoroughly secular- • rejection of religious tradition. • Revived & Expanded the Renaissance ideals • Individualism • Humanism • Secularism • Profound influence on thought- culture- upper class.

24. Influential people of the Enlightenment • Bernard de Fontelle (1657-1757)- ADD • Spread the ideas of the enlightenment • Wrote Conversation on the Plurality of Worlds • Novel that incorporates enlightenment ideas • Created a conflict with Religion- • skeptical of absolutes • Cynical about organized religion in general • Unique from previous authors, who exalted GOD • Created doubt about religious unity, truth

26. Influential people of the Enlightenment • Pierre Bayle (1647-1706)- ADD • French Huguenot- skeptic- despised Louis XIV • Concluded: • NOTHING can be known beyond all doubt • Humanity’s best hope is open-minded toleration • As information from exploration supported his ideas. • China, India, America, & Africa all had different beliefs • Europeans looked at truth and morality in relative terms

27. Influential people of the Enlightenment • John Locke (1632-1704) –ADD • What do we know him from before????? • Explored how people thought and learned • Descartes had said people born with certain ideas (nature) • Locke insisted all ideas are born out of experience (nurture) • Human mind is blank- (Tabula rasa) • The Mind is filled by environment- experiences/beliefs • Social Institutions- are what influences the person (STOP—THINK ABOUT WHAT THAT MEANS)

28. Homework • Please be working on you opening act – 18.1 • Be sure to have read 513-516. • “On the Shoulders of Giants” • What was the point??????