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Adaptation: Darwin’s Voyage

Adaptation: Darwin’s Voyage. Chapter Seven Holt Text 7.2. 1. Who was Charles Darwin?. Charles Darwin. British Naturalist In 1831, set out on a 5-year trip around the world. Job: to learn as much as possible about the living things he saw. HMS Beagle Life Science: Evolution (click here).

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Adaptation: Darwin’s Voyage

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  1. Adaptation:Darwin’s Voyage Chapter Seven Holt Text 7.2

  2. 1. Who was Charles Darwin? Charles Darwin

  3. British Naturalist In 1831, set out on a 5-year trip around the world. Job: to learn as much as possible about the living things he saw.

  4. HMS BeagleLife Science: Evolution (click here)

  5. 2. What did Darwin observe? 2. Great diversity of living things. Collected 1,000’s of plant and animal samples Took MANY notes Darwin’s Excellent Adventure

  6. 2. What did Darwin observe? 2. First stops were in Brazil, Argentina and later Galapagos Islands.

  7. 2. What did Darwin observe? 2. Noticed that some species were present in several locations; however they had some different traits. Click pic

  8. 3. What is a species? 3. A group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring. 1.7 million species identified so far

  9. 4. How were the animals different? 4. Finches Darwin noticed that the finches on the Galapagos Islands were similar to the ones found in Equador but slightly different. Darwin’s Finches

  10. He noticed that the beaks of the finches had adapted to the way each finch usually gets food.

  11. Galapagos Finches

  12. 4. How were the animals different? 4. Iguanas- On S. America: green with small claws (live in rain forest) On G. Islands: gray with larger claws (live on beach)

  13. 4. How were the animals different? 4. On G. Islands Tortoises had different shell shapes and patterns on different islands.

  14. 5. What was Darwin’s hypothesis? 5. Island animals were separated from mainland relatives. Each population adapted to its environment. Darwin’s Thinking

  15. 6. What is an adaptation? 6. A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce.

  16. 7. Example of adaptation? 7. For finches that ate insects, those with sharpest beaks were able to catch more bugs. These survived longer and were more likely to reproduce. Their offspring likely to have sharp beaks…

  17. 7. Example of adaptation? 7. Iguanas (Compare those who lived in the jungle to those on the island beach.)

  18. 8. What is evolution? 8. Gradual change in a species over time. Happens over many years.

  19. 9. What was Darwin’s book called 9. The Origin of Species It summarized his ideas about how organisms adapt Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection

  20. 9. What is natural selection? 9. Process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection

  21. 9. What is natural selection? 9. Nature selects for certain traits in an organism because of conditions in the environment.

  22. 10. Natural selection is like _________. 10. Selective breeding It works to produce organisms with the best traits.

  23. 11. Four factors that affect natural selection: 11. OCVS

  24. 11. Three factors that affect natural selection: 11. Overproduction: Most species produce many more offspring than can survive. Increases chances that at least one will survive.

  25. 11. Three factors that affect natural selection: 11. Competition: Food and other resources limited. Offspring must compete to get food, escape predators. The strongest ones will survive.

  26. 11. Three factors that affect natural selection: 11. Variation: Different alleles of genes give different traits. Some traits help organism survive. Ex: faster swimmers

  27. 11. Three factors that affect natural selection: 11. Successful Reproduction: The best adapted organisms are likely to have many offspring that survive.

  28. 12. Role of genes in adaptation 12. Genes carry instructions for traits and are passed from parent to offspring.

  29. 13. How do new species form? 13. A group of individuals gets separated from the rest long enough for traits to evolve. (By a river, ocean, earthquake, mountains)

  30. 14. Examples of adaptation 14. Monarch butterfly and viceroy moth.

  31. Viceroy Moth Monarch Butterfly

  32. 14. Examples of adaptation 14. Peppered Moth

  33. Peppered Moth Dark Variety Light Variety

  34. The usual form of the peppered moth Biston betularia in northern Europe has a light 'peppered' pattern of coloration. The moth rests on tree branches and its color pattern camouflages it against predatory attack. The camouflage only works against the right background: birds are more likely to eat poorly camouflaged moths, which therefore have a lower fitness. • The light coloration of tree branches is mainly caused by lichens that grow there. Smoke pollution in the industrial revolution in the UK killed these lichens near to industrial areas, leaving tree branches black. At about this time, around 1830, a 'melanic' form of the peppered moth becomes increasingly common in contemporary moth collections. The melanic form is camouflaged on dark tree branches. Through the 19th century, the melanic form increased in frequency until, near industrial regions, it was the normal type of the moth. The increase was almost certainly driven by natural selection.

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