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The Immigrant Experience General Overview. Why come to America?. Escape persecution Example – Pogrom system in Russia – massacred Jews. Why come to America?. Land and jobs Example 1862 – Homestead Act - The US gave away free land in the west. Why come to America?.
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Why come to America? • Escape persecution • Example – Pogrom system in Russia – massacred Jews.
Why come to America? • Land and jobs • Example 1862 – Homestead Act - The US gave away free land in the west.
Why come to America? • Crop Failures and Famine • Example – The Great Potato Famine in Ireland
Numbers • 1860 – US Population was 31.5 Million • 1860-1920 – 30 Million people came to the United States
Transportation How did immigrants get to the United States? Trip across the Atlantic took just over one week, Pacific took longer. Similar conditions
Conditions on the Ships • Most immigrant traveled in Steerage. • Steerage – undercarriage of a ship. • Minimal sleeping, shelter, toilets, privacy, etc. • Positive - cheap
Who were these immigrants? • 1/3 “Birds of Passage” – they intended on making money and then return to their home country. • 1865 – 1890 – 10 million immigrants came from northern Europe – Germany, Ireland, Scandinavia
Who were these immigrants? • 1890 – 1920 – shift – 10 million immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe.
Rules and Regulations • 1880s - the department of immigration was turned over to the federal government. • They watched only several entry points. • Ran tests and deemed who was suitable for entry into the US