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Introduction to Disability

Introduction to Disability. C. Mahesh, Advocacy Coordinator, CBR Forum. Date of update: 25 March 2012. Objectives of this session. Gain greater understanding of disability Status of Persons with Disabilities Approaches to addressing disability.

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Introduction to Disability

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  1. Introduction to Disability C. Mahesh, Advocacy Coordinator, CBR Forum Date of update: 25 March 2012

  2. Objectives of this session • Gain greater understanding of disability • Status of Persons with Disabilities • Approaches to addressing disability

  3. Words that come to your mind when you think of disability/ persons with disabilities

  4. Why?

  5. Who are persons with disabilities?

  6. In India, according to…the Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995 and National Trust Act, 1999 the following disabilities are recognized • Blindness • Low vision • Leprosy cured • Hearing impairment • Locomotor disability • Mental illness • Mental retardation • Multiple Disabilities • Autism • Cerebral Palsy

  7. How many persons with disabilities are there?

  8. Prevalence of Disabilities Global Estimates – based on World Disability Report - 2011 • About 15% of the population in the world has a disability • Between 2 and 4% of the population have severe disabilities In India • NSSO - Report on ‘Disabled Persons in India 2002’ estimated 1.8 % (18 million); Male : Female = 59 : 41 • Census 2001 estimated 2.13% (21 million); Male : Female = 58 : 42 • Planning Commission, GoI, 11th 5-Year Plan estimates 5-6% of the population have disabilities

  9. Persons with Disabilities in India Urban - 25% Source: Census of India, 2001

  10. Percentage distribution of disabled persons by disability Urban areas Source: NSSO Report on ‘Disabled Persons in India July – December 2002’

  11. Percentage distribution of disabled persons by disability Rural areas Source: NSSO Report on ‘Disabled Persons in India July – December 2002’

  12. What do you think are the consequences of having a disability?

  13. Consequences of Disability • Persons with disabilities frequently experience discrimination and face barriers to participation in all aspects of society – for example, in accessing • Education – 59% in Rural and 40% in Urban illiterate; 75% of Severe and 50% with Mild and Moderate Disabilities are Illiterate (NSS 58th Round - 2002) • Employment – 60% of persons with disabilities are out of labour force (NSS 58th Round -2002) • Health care – 5-10% have access to health and rehabilitation? • Transportation - ??? • Social Security • Decision making platforms • +++

  14. Consequences of Disability • Some persons with disabilities face multiple barriers to their participation, due to discrimination on the basis of - sex, age, ethnic origin, language, religion, property, class, caste, location • As a result, persons with disabilities are at a high risk of poverty

  15. Cycle of Disability and Poverty Disability Social and cultural exclusion and stigma Denial of opportunities for economic, social and human development Vulnerability to poverty and ill health Poverty Reduced participation in decision making, and denial of civil and political rights Deficits in economic Social and cultural rights

  16. What are the different types of barriers encountered by Persons with Disabilities?

  17. Different kinds of barriers encountered by persons with disabilities

  18. Understanding Disability • Barriers • Impairments Disability Physical Mental Intellectual Sensory Attitudes Information Communication Institutional

  19. Who are ‘Persons with Disabilities’? • Persons with disabilitiesincludethose who have long-termphysical,mental,intellectualorsensoryimpairments which ininteraction with various barriersmay hinder their full and effective participationin society on an equal basis with others”. (CRPD - Art. 1, In force since May 2008, Ratified by India on 1st October 2007)

  20. Approaches to addressing disability

  21. Addressing issues of persons with disabilities is influenced by our beliefs and understanding Charity/ Welfare Medical Social Human Rights Segregated Isolated Dependency Low Self Esteem Dignity Non-discrimination Inclusion Equal Opportunity Accessibility

  22. Education: Where the child is perceived as the problem

  23. Education system is the problem

  24. In conclusion…

  25. Paradigm Shift in understanding disability • Rights holder • Support to participate as equal is a matter of right • Decision makers • Of charity • Pity • Passive recipient

  26. Thank you

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