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Climatology and Variability of Precipitation Sources in Amazon River Basin

Discover the complex dynamics of precipitation sources in the Amazon River Basin, analyzing atmospheric water cycling and trajectory patterns. Dive into the division between North and South Amazon, and the impact of ENSO teleconnections on precipitation variability.

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Climatology and Variability of Precipitation Sources in Amazon River Basin

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  1. Climatology and Variability of Sources of Precipitation in the Amazon River BasinArief Sudradjat, Kaye L. Brubaker, Paul A. Dirmeyer Acknowledgment: NOAA Office of Global Program Grant #GC99-462a “Analysis of Atmospheric Water Cycling” NCAR Scientific Computer Division Grant #35161040

  2. Backward- v. forward trajectory analysis: Backward trajectory analysis (backward in time) Dynamics and ET: NCEP reanalyses (Kalnay et al. 1996) Precipitation (gridded-observed): Higgins et al. (1996) Dirmeyer and Tan (2001) (Dirmeyer and Brubaker, 1999) ET P through solutions of eq.s of mass, momentum, and energy Forward trajectory analysis (forward in time) (developed in this study) t time ( ) A parcel of air: an “imaginary and invisible” balloonlike container of air

  3. Source-sink regions: September 1979-August 1998 EQ

  4. The Amazon River basin: The division line NA EQ P wet = P dry (in total) SA Sep 15-day Aug

  5. Tropical North Atlantic Ocean: Sinks of evaporation DJF MAM EQ EQ Self: 17% Amazon: 16% Self: 21% Amazon: 14% JJA SON EQ EQ Self: 28% Amazon: 5% Africa: 5% Self: 33% Amazon: 8%

  6. The Amazon River basin: Sources of precipitation Amazon (10 majors): (annual) SA: 26%; NA: 13% TRNA: 18%; TRSA: 14% (Terrestrial: 59%) Anomalies: A v. A R=0.81 A v. TRNA R=0.64 Niño 3.4 index: v. TRNA R=-0.67 v. A R=-0.48 Trend (a=5%) (JJA): TRNA: negative DJF: NA (10 majors) Ocean: 50%; NA: 20% EQ Annual: TRNA: 31% NA: 21% TRSA: 18% (Ocean: 49%; Terrestrial: 48%) DJF: SA (10 majors) Ocean: 23%; SA: 41% EQ Annual: TRSA: 12% TRNA: 10% SA: 39% (Ocean: 23%; Terrestrial: 69%)

  7. The Amazon River basin: Sinks of evaporation DJF: A EQ JJA: A EQ

  8. Conclusion: A should be divided into NA and SA. ITCZ importance in precipitation supply of A. Recycling precipitation is important in precipitation supply of A (annual: 39%; R=0.81). ENSO teleconnections: recycling precipitation and TRNA is reduced (enhanced) during El Niño (La Niña). Implication: The weakening of Amazon-Atlantic atmospheric circulation, consistent with Zeng et al. (1996)?

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