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This document discusses the design strategy for fire safety in tunnels, specifically focusing on the European Spallation Source (ESS) Accelerator tunnel. It covers the layout, fire safety measures, and regulations to prevent, detect, and manage fires in the tunnel.
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Life Safety in TunnelsESS Design Strategy Björn Yndemark, WSP Fire & Risk www.europeanspallationsource.se January, 2015
FireSafety Accelerator tunnel • Fire separated from the Gallery, the Front End Building and the Target building • Fire alarm, aspirating system • Evacuation alarm • Emergency lighting • Evacuation routes every 135 m • Smoke management system • Fire retardant cables • Manual power cut of high voltage • Stand pipes in emergency stairs
FireSafety Accelerator tunnel Radiation Safety Authority: • Defence in Depth • Prevent fires from starting • Detect and extinguish quickly those fires that do start • Prevent the spread of those fires which have not been extinguished => Fire Alarm and Smoke Management System
FireSafety Accelerator tunnel Building Regulation: • Smoke ventilation in underground facilities • Basements in a building in class Br1 shall be provided with smoke ventilation => Smoke Management System
SmokeManagament System Design fire: Cables, 1 MW (staedy state) Robustness: Cables, Fast growth up to 2 MW
Estimated radiological release Estimated Radiological Release
Design 5 m3/s 5 m3/s 10 m3/s
Design 5 m3/s 5 m3/s 5 m3/s 10 m3/s 15 m3/s