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Fundamental Chemistry of Life

Fundamental Chemistry of Life. SBI 4U. Atomic Structure. Atoms: smallest units that retain the chemical and physical properties of a particular element. Composed of? _________, electrons and ________ Why does an atom have no net charge? Atomic # = # of protons

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Fundamental Chemistry of Life

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  1. Fundamental Chemistry of Life SBI 4U

  2. Atomic Structure • Atoms: smallest units that retain the chemical and physical properties of a particular element. Composed of? _________, electrons and ________ • Why does an atom have no net charge? • Atomic # = # of protons • Atomic mass = total # of protons and neutrons

  3. Isotopes • Isotopes: form of an element that differs in its number of neutrons • Ions  missing or extra electrons; isotopes  missing or extra neutrons

  4. Electron Arrangements • Arrangement of electrons determines chemical properties of an atom • Orbitals: a region of space that is occupied by electrons located around the nucleus of an atom • Valence electrons: an electron in the outermost energy level or shell of an atom  H vs. He

  5. Chemical Bonds • Ionic Bond: attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules • Covalent Bond: sharing of one or more pairs of valence electrons • Intermolecular Forces: hydrogen bonds

  6. Intermolecular Forces • Hydrogen bonds: attractive force between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom and a partially negatively charged atom in another molecule

  7. Chemical Reactions • Dehydration reaction: a chemical reaction in which subunits of a larger molecule are joined by the removal of water, also called a condensation reaction • Ex: monosaccharide + monosaccharide = disaccharide + water • Ex: 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids = lipid + water

  8. Chemical Reactions • Hydrolysis reaction: a chemical reaction in which water is used as a reactant to split a larger molecule into smaller subunits • Ex: disaccharide + water = monosaccharide + monosaccharide • Ex: lipid + 3 H2O = 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids

  9. Chemical Reactions • Neutralization reaction: a reaction in which an acid and a base combine to create a salt and water • Ex: HCl + NaOH --> NaCl + HOH • Redox reaction: an electron transfer reaction

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