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3.2 Energy Flow

Learn about the main source of energy for life on Earth, the role of autotrophs in capturing energy from the sun or chemicals, and how consumers rely on other organisms for their energy. Explore the concepts of photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, trophic levels, and the importance of biotic and abiotic factors in shaping ecosystems.

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3.2 Energy Flow

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  1. 3.2 Energy Flow • Main source of energy for life on Earth? Sun • Less than 1% used by living things *some organisms rely on energy stored in inorganic chemical compounds

  2. Autotrophs/Producers • capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce food • Plants, algae, bacteria (cyanobacteria, salt marsh) • They are VERY important to energy flow in the biosphere

  3. Photosynthetic bacteria • cyanobacteria • Tidal marsh • salt marsh

  4. Photosynthesis

  5. Oh no! Light’s out! • Chemosynthesis-use chemical energy to produce CHOs • Done in the absence of light • Some bacteria • Volcanic vents, hot springs, tidal marshes

  6. Consumers Heterotrophs = consumers rely on other organisms for their energy and food Animals, fungi and many bacteria

  7. Types of Heterotrophs • Herbivores eat only plants • Carnivores eat animals • Omnivores eat plants & animals

  8. Herbivores (cont.) • Detritovoreseat plant and animal remains and other dead matter (detritus) • Decomposers break down organic matter

  9. Community Interactions • Competition • Predation • Symbiosis – two species live closely together 1. Mutualism 2. Commensalism 3. Parasitism

  10. What are you going to do…? • Create/draw/color a comic illustrating the symbiotic relationship between your two organisms. • Do NOT…I repeat, Do NOT use the name of the relationship in your comic!

  11. What happens to the energy in an ecosystem when one organism eats another? • Energy flows in one direction Sun  producers  consumers

  12. Food Web

  13. Trophic Levels • Each step in a food chain or food web • Producers = 1st trophic level • Consumers = 2nd, trophic level (3rd, 4th, etc) • Only about 10% of the energy available within one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level

  14. What shapes an ecosystem? • Biotic factors-the biological influences on organisms w/i an ecosystem • Examples: • Abiotic factors-nonliving factors that shape ecosystems • Examples:

  15. Biotic and abiotic factors determine the survival and growth of an organism and the productivity of the ecosystem in which it lives • Habitat-the area an organism lives (includes biotic and abiotic factors) • Niche-full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way it uses the conditions

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