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Energy and Temperature: Understanding Basics and Conversions

Explore the fundamentals of energy types, storage, measurement, and temperature scales. Learn about energy crisis impacts and laws of conservation. Master temperature scale conversions for accurate readings.

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Energy and Temperature: Understanding Basics and Conversions

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  1. Energy and Temperature

  2. Energy • Energy – The ability to cause change or do work • There are many kinds of energy: • Electrical – PE • Mechanical – KE • Chemical – PE • Heat, thermal – KE • Nuclear • Sound • Light • Chemistry deals mainly with the conversion of chemical into heat, light, and electrical

  3. Types of Energy • Energy can be defined as one of three types • Radiant energy - sunlight • Kinetic Energy (KE) Energy of an object in motion • KE = ½ mv2 • Potential Energy (PE) Stored energy due to position or composition – Gravitational Potential Energy • PE – mgh or fd

  4. Measuring Energy • calorie (cal) • Common unit of energy • Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 °C • Joule (J) • SI unit of energy • 1 cal = 4.184 J

  5. Energy stored in food • Calorie (Cal) • 1000 calories or 1 kilocalorie

  6. Example 1 • A student uses 30 J of energy putting books on a shelf in the classroom. Convert this amount of energy from joules to calories.

  7. Example 2 • Suppose you use 135 cal of energy to perform a task. How many joules have you used?

  8. Example 3 • The energy content of a small tomato is about 17 Cal. Convert this measurement to joules.

  9. Law of Conservation of Mass • Matter cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical or physical changes • Energy is transformed to another kind or transferred to another object • Nuclear reactions are the exception to the rule

  10. Energy Crisis • “running out of energy” • Society depends on chemical energy in form of fossil fuels • Coal and petroleum

  11. Temperature • A measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample • To record temperatures and changes accurately a scale has to be defined and used • Measurements taken with thermometers

  12. Kelvin Scale • The Kelvin temperature scale is the official SI scale but Celsius is more commonly used, except when dealing with gases • Absolute zero – (-273°C) the point at which motion of particles matter ceases

  13. Comparing Temperature Scales

  14. Converting Temperature • Celsius to Kelvin • Add 273 • K = °C + 273 • Kelvin to Celsius • Subtract 273 • °C = K - 273

  15. Example 1 • Temperatures close to absolute zero are incredibly cold – at 50 K air will freeze into a solid! Convert 50 K to the Celsius scale

  16. Example 2 • Normal body temperature is 310 K. Convert 310 K to the Celsius scale.

  17. Example 3 • Antifreeze, or ethylene glycol, boils at 199°C. Convert 199°C to the Kelvin scale.

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