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Comprehensive Guide to Colorectal Diseases

Explore various colorectal diseases, from inflammatory problems to neoplastic conditions, including their complications, diagnosis, and management. Learn about different types of tumors, staging, and specific investigations. Visit www.smso.net for in-depth information.

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Comprehensive Guide to Colorectal Diseases

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  1. COLORECTAL DISEASES www.smso.net

  2. I. Inflammatory Problems 1. Complication of Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Ulcerative Colitis • Crohn’s Disease • Ischaemic Colitis 2. Granulomas • Tubercular • Amoebic • Non-specific www.smso.net

  3. II. Diverticular DiseaseIII. Angiodysplasias www.smso.net

  4. IV. Mechanical Problems • Volvulous • Megacolon www.smso.net

  5. V. Neoplastic Disease • Colo-rectal tumours www.smso.net

  6. Blood supply Of the Midgut

  7. Coronal Section Of the Rectum & Anal Canal

  8. Colo-Rectal Tumours Benign Tumours – Polyps • Inflammatory – hyperplastic and pseudopolyp • Hamartomatous polyps, Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome • Adenomatous polyps: - tubular - Villous – very high malignant potential • Familial polypsis and Gardner’s syndrome – very high malignant potential www.smso.net

  9. Colo-Rectal Carcinoma • Epidemiology, prevalence • Etiology • Histology and grading • Forms and sites • Dissemination and staging (Duke’s classification) • Clinical presentations and complications • Diagnosis • Management www.smso.net

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  17. The sites in which the carcinoma develop are:

  18. Ulcerative Colitis

  19. Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

  20. What is the Differential diagnosis of bleeding per rectum?

  21. Neoplasms of Colon & Rectum Pre-malignant disease of colon & rectum • Adenoma • Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Syndrome • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Schistomosomiasis • Irradiation Proctocalitis • Hereditary Colon Cancer www.smso.net

  22. Macroscopic • Annular Left Colon • Tubular • Ulcerative Right Colon • Fungative www.smso.net

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  25. Microscopic • Adenocarcinoma – commonest • Squamous Carcinoma – Anus & Lower Rectum • Colloid Carcinoma – Rectum • Carcinoid – Appendix • Melanoma • Lymphomas, sarcoma, etc. A well differentiated B moderate C anaplastic www.smso.net

  26. Spread • Local infiltration • Lymphatic – E P I C • Blood stream • Trans coelomic www.smso.net

  27. Duke’s Classification • Limited to Rectal Wall • To Extra-Rectal tissue • Regional lymphnodes involved • Blood spread www.smso.net

  28. Staging of colorectal carcinoma • Duke’s staging:

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  32. Investigations • Specific: - sigmoidoscopy (+ biopsy if the carcinoma is rectal)

  33. - colonoscopy

  34. Colonoscopy showing a colonic cancer

  35. - barium enema (“apple core appearance”) + contrast enema for tumour involving only mucosa

  36. A computed tomographic scan of a patient with Perforating tumour of sigmoid colon

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