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A Non-Technical Introduction for Wind Turbine Manufacturers

A Non-Technical Introduction for Wind Turbine Manufacturers. Preface. WindTP is a power-transmission system for wind turbines enabling them to put large amounts of energy (50-100hrs rated output) into storage.

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A Non-Technical Introduction for Wind Turbine Manufacturers

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  1. A Non-Technical Introduction for Wind Turbine Manufacturers

  2. Preface WindTP is a power-transmission system for wind turbines enabling them to put large amounts of energy (50-100hrs rated output) into storage . WindTP will substantially raise the max. threshold of wind power penetration into power systems. It will also enable manufacturers and operators of wind turbines to exploit a second income stream simultaneously – flexibility in electricity grids.

  3. Contents • Firm Power vs. Inflexible Generation • Generation Integrated Energy Storage • The future of WindTP

  4. Contents • Firm Power vs. Inflexible Generation • Generation Integrated Energy Storage • The future of WindTP

  5. Decarbonising electricity presents 2 problems. Fossil fuels (hydrocarbons) are dense energy carriers – concentrated over extremely long times with potential to release energy very quickly. • Fossil fuels give us cheap energy • Fossil fuels are very easily stored • Burning fossil fuels releases CO2 Replacing fossil fuels requires that 2 problems are solved • Low cost per kWh(e) generated • Flexibility to match supply and demand

  6. Renewables: cost-per-kWh approaching “grid parity” Levelised costs of Renewables 2010 & 2014 Source: IRENA Renewable Cost Database Source: Fraunhofer ISP, Germany, Nov. 2013 $0.4/kWh €0.20/kWh €0.16/kWh €0.12/kWh $0.2/kWh €0.08/kWh €0.04/kWh Biomass Geo-thrmal Hydro Solar PV Solar CSP Offshore Wind Onshore Wind For Northern Europe, onshore wind power can already deliver affordable power (€/kWh). Offshore wind already competes strongly with PV.

  7. Most low-carbon generation is inflexible. Conventional arrangements of wind turbines generate electricity when the wind blows in the right range of speeds. You can turn-down the output from a wind turbine but you cannot turn it up. Turning-down basically means dumping energy that might have been collected with approximately zero marginal cost. The same applies to PV, nuclear power stations, tidal stream generators and wave energy converters.

  8. Starting to decarbonise generation is easy Introducing a small quantity of inflexible generation into a system with lots of flexible generation is simple. Trivial illustration: a system with constant demand of 10GW and 10GW flexible generation capacity could accommodate 10GW (rated) of wind (=~3GW average output wind power). 10GW Generation from fossil-fuels Generation from wind 0GW time

  9. Continuing to decarb.genn is not so easy Fromhttp://www.gwec.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Market-Forecast-for-2014-%E2%80%93-2019.jpg 450GW of installed wind capacity now – rising at ~12%p.a. 250GW of installed PV capacity now – rising at ~20%p.a. Average world electricity generation is only ~2400GW. Many countries already experiencing difficulty to accommodate more renewables.

  10. New Flexibility Services Are Required - Urgently There is a rapidly emerging market for flexibility services to assist electrical grids. from … https://www.worldenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Global_Electricity_Initiative_WEB.pdf

  11. The need for flexibility - summarised The exponentially-rising interest in energy storage, new balancing services and smart meter technologies evidences a new value-stream coming now – flexibility. Flexible Generation Mid-Grid Energy Storage Demand-SideResponse ? 0% 100% Flexible Generation Mid-Grid Energy Storage Demand-SideResponse ? 0% 100%

  12. Contents • Firm Power vs. Inflexible Generation • Generation Integrated Energy Storage • The future of WindTP

  13. A) Non-GIES System ηA2 ηA4 GenerationIntegratedEnergyStorage Stored Energy Electricity To Grid ηA3 ηA5 ηA1 Primary Energy Intermediate Energy Form B) GIES System ηB3 ηB2 Stored Energy Electricity All flexible generation is effectively doing energy storage –but the energy is stored before it is converted to electricity. To Grid ηB4 ηB1 Intermediate Energy Form Primary Energy

  14. GIES systems: ALL natural hydro-power possessing a dam is GIES! Itaipu DamBrazil / Paraguay 12.6 GW http://www.britannica.com/place/Parana-River/images-videos/Itaipu-Dam-on-the-Parana-River-at-the-border-of/106363

  15. GIES systems: Most Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plant are GIES! Andasol III (Spain)50 MW, 7.5 hrs storage

  16. GIES systems: All biomass-fired generation is GIES. Wood pellets. (http://www.thegreenage.co.uk/tech/biomass-boiler/) Miscanthus (from SEWTHA) An Open Lecture, Nottingham, June 15, 2010

  17. GIES systems: This open-access paper describes GIES thoroughly http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421515300458

  18. GIES systems: summary Generation Integrated Energy Storage (GIES) systems have two major advantages over systems comprising separated generation and (standalone) energy storage subsystems: (1) They save the capital costs of equipment to transform energy from electricity to some storable form and back again. (2) Losses associated with transforming energy from electricity to some storable form and back again are avoided.

  19. Contents • Firm Power vs. Inflexible Generation • Generation Integrated Energy Storage • The future of WindTP

  20. The IP protected. * The original system patent filed June 16, 2013. * National phase applications now filed in Europe, USA, India, China and Australia. * Intended mode of operation is to develop strong partnerships in each of the above five major domains.

  21. WindTP development * Substantial resource already in place through EPSRC funding and the Energy Research Accelerator high performance compression and expansion laboratory at Nottingham University. * Currently applying for UK & EU funding to demonstrate the power transmission & energy storage at ~750kW scale. * Subsequent steps are: (1) Demo. a 750kW system in back-to-back confign. (Dec. 2017) (2) Demo. a complete system in wind turbine (Dec. 2018) (3) Pilot (7 x 3MW WT) onshore plant (June 2020) (4) Pilot (1 x 10MW WT) floating offshore unit (Dec 2020)

  22. A W.T. manufacturer’sperspective There are two motivations for a large wind turbine manufacturer to think about WindTP. (1) The scope to continue to sell existing products will be curtailed strongly over the coming decade due to grid flexibility limitations. (2) There is the potential to address an income stream not yet considered with (largely) the same product: grid flexibility services

  23. Non-WindTP options The wind industry could just rely on other energy storage technologies (or other flexibility services) coming into play. Marginal capital costs for standalone E.S. are very high (>$200/kWh ?) Lifetimes for battery sets in particular are very limited. Develop in-house methods to integrate energy storage with wind turbines ?

  24. Thank you for listening Sincere thanks to EPSRC for funding the work from which WindTP emerged. info@Wind-TP.com An Open Lecture, Nottingham, June 15, 2010

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