How to answer the Credit 2008 ‘ Make and justify conclusions’ question.

1. How to answerthe Credit2008 ‘Make and justify conclusions’question.

2. Before you try this question you MUST HAVE worked through the PPP ‘How to answer Credit ‘Conclusion’ Questions’.

3. Do you remember how to tackle the question?

4. This Credit question is worth 8 marks. You will have to work hard to get these marks. Decide what the topic is. A conclusion is a decision you come to about this topic after Studying information about the topic. There will usually be 4 conclusions you have to work on worth 2 marks each giving 8 marks overall. Work on each conclusion in turn, this turns a hard 8 mark Question into 4 easier 2 mark questions. Make sure your answer is ‘in detail’ by having a least 2 pieces of information from the writing, tables or statistics for each conclusion.

5. Look at the question but do not start it yet.[You should print out a copy of the question to use with your highlighters.]

6. Study the information in Sources 1, 2 and 3, the answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 Millennium Development Goals SOURCE 2: Aid given by selected Donor Countries Selected Donor Country Aid Given Largest Recipients [$ millions] 2004 $ billions [% of GNI] 2010 [prediction] $ billions [% of GNI] % Increase The Millennium Development Goals were agreed by 189 countries in New York in 2000. Selected Millennium Development Goals 1] Reduce Child Mortality 2] Achieve primary education for all 3] Remove extreme poverty and hunger 4] Combat Diseases These goals represented a commitment by rich and poor nations to expand social and economic progress in all regions of the world, as well as creating a global partnership for reducing levels of poverty and suffering in less developed countries by 2015. Many are now questioning the commitment of the More Developed Countries to making these goals a reality as few MDCs give the UN recommended 0.7% of Gross National Income (GNI). UK 7.88 14.60 85% 1. India [$419] 2. Bangladesh [$267] 3. Tanzania [$265] [0.36%] [0.59%] USA 19.7 24.00 22% 1. Iraq [$2286] 2. Congo [$804] 3. Egypt [$767] [0.17%] [0.18%] Portugal 1.03 0.93 -10% 1. Angola [$367] 2. Cape Verde [$39] 3. Timor [$34] [0.63%] [0.51%] Italy 2.46 9.26 276% 1. Dem Rep Congo [$235] 2. China [$52] 3. Tunisia [$41] [0.15%] [0.51%] The World’s Four Poorest Countries Source 3 Four Poorest African Countries – Progress on Millennium Development Goals Selected Indicators Sierra Leone Tanzania Burundi Malawi Average Income Per Person 1. Sierra Leone $490 2. Tanzania $523 3. Burundi $591 4. Malawi $615 1996 2006 1996 2006 1996 2006 1996 2006 % population undernourished 44 50 50 44 63 67 50 34 Child Mortality [per 1000 births] 293 283 159 126 190 190 216 175 % 1 year olds vaccinated against measles 37 64 49 91 80 75 90 80 % of people living on less than $1 a day. % Primary school enrolment 43 73 94 95 43 57 48 98 Using only the information above and opposite, you must make and justify conclusions about progress towards the Millennium Development Goals using the four headings below. * Progress towards Millennium Development Goal 1 * Progress towards all of Millennium Development Goal 3 * The commitment of More Developed Countries to meeting the UN aid recommendation * The commitment of Donor Countries to the world’s four poorest nations (Enquiry Skills, 8 marks) 2015 target Sub-Saharan Africa All less developed countries

7. The Topic is …. The Millennium Development Goals and help from Developed Countries for less Developed countries …… but you knew that.

8. In this question the 4 conclusions are on • Progress towards Millennium Development Goal 1 • Progress towards all of Millennium Development Goal 3 • The commitment of More Developed Countries to meeting the UN aid recommendation • The commitment of Donor Countries to the world’s four poorest nations So ‘Progress towards MDG 1’ first. What is MDG1? Look at the figures relating to MDG1. Is there progress towards MDG1?

9. Now get your highlighters out and use them on the question you printed.

10. Study the information in Sources 1, 2 and 3, the answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 Millennium Development Goals SOURCE 2: Aid given by selected Donor Countries Selected Donor Country Aid Given Largest Recipients [$ millions] 2004 $ billions [% of GNI] 2010 [prediction] $ billions [% of GNI] % Increase The Millennium Development Goals were agreed by 189 countries in New York in 2000. Selected Millennium Development Goals 1] Reduce Child Mortality 2] Achieve primary education for all 3] Remove extreme poverty and hunger 4] Combat Diseases These goals represented a commitment by rich and poor nations to expand social and economic progress in all regions of the world, as well as creating a global partnership for reducing levels of poverty and suffering in less developed countries by 2015. Many are now questioning the commitment of the More Developed Countries to making these goals a reality as few MDCs give the UN recommended 0.7% of Gross National Income (GNI). UK 7.88 14.60 85% 1. India [$419] 2. Bangladesh [$267] 3. Tanzania [$265] [0.36%] [0.59%] USA 19.7 24.00 22% 1. Iraq [$2286] 2. Congo [$804] 3. Egypt [$767] [0.17%] [0.18%] Portugal 1.03 0.93 -10% 1. Angola [$367] 2. Cape Verde [$39] 3. Timor [$34] [0.63%] [0.51%] Italy 2.46 9.26 276% 1. Dem Rep Congo [$235] 2. China [$52] 3. Tunisia [$41] [0.15%] [0.51%] The World’s Four Poorest Countries Source 3 Four Poorest African Countries – Progress on Millennium Development Goals Selected Indicators Sierra Leone Tanzania Burundi Malawi Average Income Per Person 1. Sierra Leone $490 2. Tanzania $523 3. Burundi $591 4. Malawi $615 1996 2006 1996 2006 1996 2006 1996 2006 % population undernourished 44 50 50 44 63 67 50 34 Child Mortality [per 1000 births] 293 283 159 126 190 190 216 175 % 1 year olds vaccinated against measles 37 64 49 91 80 75 90 80 % of people living on less than $1 a day. % Primary school enrolment 43 73 94 95 43 57 48 98 Using only the information above and opposite, you must make and justify conclusions about progress towards the Millennium Development Goals using the four headings below. * Progress towards Millennium Development Goal 1 * Progress towards all of Millennium Development Goal 3 * The commitment of More Developed Countries to meeting the UN aid recommendation * The commitment of Donor Countries to the world’s four poorest nations (Enquiry Skills, 8 marks) 2015 target Sub-Saharan Africa All less developed countries So MDG 1 ‘Reduce Child Mortality’. Progress - Yes or No? Yes Same Reduced Reduced Reduced

11. ‘Progress towards MDG 1’. MDG 1 is to ‘reduce child mortality’. Source 3 shows that 3 countries have had their child mortality reduced e.g. Malawi down from 216 to 175 deaths per 1000 births. One country, Burundi, has stayed the same but no country has increased. My conclusion is that this shows great progress towards MDG 1.

12. So now ‘Progress towards ALL of MDG 3’ What is MDG 3? What is ALL of MDG 3? Look at the figures relating to MDG 3. Is there progress towards MDG 3?

13. Study the information in Sources 1, 2 and 3, the answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 Millennium Development Goals SOURCE 2: Aid given by selected Donor Countries Selected Donor Country Aid Given Largest Recipients [$ millions] 2004 $ billions [% of GNI] 2010 [prediction] $ billions [% of GNI] % Increase The Millennium Development Goals were agreed by 189 countries in New York in 2000. Selected Millennium Development Goals 1] Reduce Child Mortality 2] Achieve primary education for all 3] Remove extreme poverty and hunger 4] Combat Diseases These goals represented a commitment by rich and poor nations to expand social and economic progress in all regions of the world, as well as creating a global partnership for reducing levels of poverty and suffering in less developed countries by 2015. Many are now questioning the commitment of the More Developed Countries to making these goals a reality as few MDCs give the UN recommended 0.7% of Gross National Income (GNI). UK 7.88 14.60 85% 1. India [$419] 2. Bangladesh [$267] 3. Tanzania [$265] [0.36%] [0.59%] USA 19.7 24.00 22% 1. Iraq [$2286] 2. Congo [$804] 3. Egypt [$767] [0.17%] [0.18%] Portugal 1.03 0.93 -10% 1. Angola [$367] 2. Cape Verde [$39] 3. Timor [$34] [0.63%] [0.51%] Italy 2.46 9.26 276% 1. Dem Rep Congo [$235] 2. China [$52] 3. Tunisia [$41] [0.15%] [0.51%] The World’s Four Poorest Countries Source 3 Four Poorest African Countries – Progress on Millennium Development Goals Selected Indicators Sierra Leone Tanzania Burundi Malawi Average Income Per Person 1. Sierra Leone $490 2. Tanzania $523 3. Burundi $591 4. Malawi $615 1996 2006 1996 2006 1996 2006 1996 2006 % population undernourished 44 50 50 44 63 67 50 34 Child Mortality [per 1000 births] 293 283 159 126 190 190 216 175 % 1 year olds vaccinated against measles 37 64 49 91 80 75 90 80 % of people living on less than $1 a day. % Primary school enrolment 43 73 94 95 43 57 48 98 Using only the information above and opposite, you must make and justify conclusions about progress towards the Millennium Development Goals using the four headings below. * Progress towards Millennium Development Goal 1 * Progress towards all of Millennium Development Goal 3 * The commitment of More Developed Countries to meeting the UN aid recommendation * The commitment of Donor Countries to the world’s four poorest nations (Enquiry Skills, 8 marks) 2015 target Sub-Saharan Africa All less developed countries So MDG 3 - ‘Remove extreme poverty and hunger’. Progress - Yes or No? Yes and No Increased Decreased Increased Decreased Increased Decreased

14. ‘Progress towards MDG 3’. MDG 3 is to ‘remove extreme poverty AND hunger’. The bar graph in Source 1 shows that the % of people living on less than a dollar a day has increased in Sub-Saharan Africa but decreased in all Less Developed Counties. Source 3 shows that 2 countries have seen an decrease in children undernourished e.g. Malawi down from 50% to 34% but 2 other countries have seen an increase e.g. Sierra Leone from 44% to 50%. My conclusion is that this shows a little progress towards MDG 3 as 3 things are better and 3 worse.

15. So now ‘The commitment of More Developed Countries to meeting the UN aid recommendation’ What is the UN aid recommendation? Look at the figures relating to UN aid. What do the MDCs do? Are they committed to meeting the recommendation?

16. Study the information in Sources 1, 2 and 3, the answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 Millennium Development Goals SOURCE 2: Aid given by selected Donor Countries Selected Donor Country Aid Given Largest Recipients [$ millions] 2004 $ billions [% of GNI] 2010 [prediction] $ billions [% of GNI] % Increase The Millennium Development Goals were agreed by 189 countries in New York in 2000. Selected Millennium Development Goals 1] Reduce Child Mortality 2] Achieve primary education for all 3] Remove extreme poverty and hunger 4] Combat Diseases These goals represented a commitment by rich and poor nations to expand social and economic progress in all regions of the world, as well as creating a global partnership for reducing levels of poverty and suffering in less developed countries by 2015. Many are now questioning the commitment of the More Developed Countries to making these goals a reality as few MDCs give the UN recommended 0.7% of Gross National Income (GNI). UK 7.88 14.60 85% 1. India [$419] 2. Bangladesh [$267] 3. Tanzania [$265] [0.36%] [0.59%] USA 19.7 24.00 22% 1. Iraq [$2286] 2. Congo [$804] 3. Egypt [$767] [0.17%] [0.18%] Portugal 1.03 0.93 -10% 1. Angola [$367] 2. Cape Verde [$39] 3. Timor [$34] [0.63%] [0.51%] Italy 2.46 9.26 276% $52] 3. Tunisia [$41] [0.15%] [0.51%] The World’s Four Poorest Countries Source 3 Four Poorest African Countries – Progress on Millennium Development Goals Selected Indicators Sierra Leone Tanzania Burundi Malawi Average Income Per Person 1. Sierra Leone $490 2. Tanzania $523 3. Burundi $591 4. Malawi $615 1996 2006 1996 2006 1996 2006 1996 2006 % population undernourished 44 50 50 44 63 67 50 34 Child Mortality [per 1000 births] 293 283 159 126 190 190 216 175 % 1 year olds vaccinated against measles 37 64 49 91 80 75 90 80 % of people living on less than $1 a day. % Primary school enrolment 43 73 94 95 43 57 48 98 Using only the information above and opposite, you must make and justify conclusions about progress towards the Millennium Development Goals using the four headings below. * Progress towards Millennium Development Goal 1 * Progress towards all of Millennium Development Goal 3 * The commitment of More Developed Countries to meeting the UN aid recommendation * The commitment of Donor Countries to the world’s four poorest nations (Enquiry Skills, 8 marks) 2015 target Sub-Saharan Africa All less developed countries Increased but below But do not be fooled by the question you need detail. Hugely below Few MDCs give 0.7% Decreased and below Increased but below So ‘The commitment of MDCs to meeting the UN aid recommendation’. Committed - Yes or No? NO

17. ‘The commitment of More Developed Countries to meeting the UN aid recommendation’. The UN aid recommendation is ‘0.7% of Gross National Income [GNI]’. Source 1 says that ‘few MDCs give the UN recommended 0.7% of GNI’. Source 2 shows that aid given has increased in 3 countries e.g. UK up from 0.36% to 0.59% and decreased in 1, Portugal , 0.63% down to 0.51%. With the USA being very low. But every country is below the UN recommendation. My conclusion is that this shows little commitment to meeting the UN recommendation.

18. So now ‘The commitment of Donor Countries to the world’s four poorest nations’ Who are the four poorest nations? Look at the figures relating their poverty and help. What do the Donor Countries do? Are they committed to the world’s four poorest nations?

19. Study the information in Sources 1, 2 and 3, the answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 Millennium Development Goals SOURCE 2: Aid given by selected Donor Countries Selected Donor Country Aid Given Largest Recipients [$ millions] 2004 $ billions [% of GNI] 2010 [prediction] $ billions [% of GNI] % Increase The Millennium Development Goals were agreed by 189 countries in New York in 2000. Selected Millennium Development Goals 1] Reduce Child Mortality 2] Achieve primary education for all 3] Remove extreme poverty and hunger 4] Combat Diseases These goals represented a commitment by rich and poor nations to expand social and economic progress in all regions of the world, as well as creating a global partnership for reducing levels of poverty and suffering in less developed countries by 2015. Many are now questioning the commitment of the More Developed Countries to making these goals a reality as few MDCs give the UN recommended 0.7% of Gross National Income (GNI). UK 7.88 14.60 85% 1. India [$419] 2. Bangladesh [$267] 3. Tanzania [$265] [0.36%] [0.59%] USA 19.7 24.00 22% 1. Iraq [$2286] 2. Congo [$804] 3. Egypt [$767] [0.17%] [0.18%] Portugal 1.03 0.93 -10% 1. Angola [$367] 2. Cape Verde [$39] 3. Timor [$34] [0.63%] [0.51%] Italy 2.46 9.26 276% 1. Dem Rep Congo [$235] 2. China [$52] 3. Tunisia [$41] [0.15%] [0.51%] The World’s Four Poorest Countries Source 3 Four Poorest African Countries – Progress on Millennium Development Goals Selected Indicators Sierra Leone Tanzania Burundi Malawi Average Income Per Person 1. Sierra Leone $490 2. Tanzania $523 3. Burundi $591 4. Malawi $615 1996 2006 1996 2006 1996 2006 1996 2006 % population undernourished 44 50 50 44 63 67 50 34 Child Mortality [per 1000 births] 293 283 159 126 190 190 216 175 % 1 year olds vaccinated against measles 37 64 49 91 80 75 90 80 % of people living on less than $1 a day. % Primary school enrolment 43 73 94 95 43 57 48 98 Using only the information above and opposite, you must make and justify conclusions about progress towards the Millennium Development Goals using the four headings below. * Progress towards Millennium Development Goal 1 * Progress towards all of Millennium Development Goal 3 * The commitment of More Developed Countries to meeting the UN aid recommendation * The commitment of Donor Countries to the world’s four poorest nations (Enquiry Skills, 8 marks) 2015 target Sub-Saharan Africa All less developed countries Only one of the 4 poorest is a recipient of aid, from UK So ‘The commitment of Donor Countries to the world’s four poorest nations’. Committed - Yes or No? NO

20. ‘The commitment of Donor countries to the world’s four poorest nations’ Source 1 shows that the four poorest nations are Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Burundi and Malawi. Source 3 shows that only one Donor Country, the UK, has one of the poorest countries as a main recipient of aid. It gives $265 million to Tanzania. My conclusion is that this shows little commitment of Donor Countries to the world’s 4 poorest countries.

21. How many Marks? MDG 1 - 2 marks MDG 3 - 2 marks Commitment of MDCs to meet UN recommendations - 2 marks Commitment to 4 poorest - 2 marks 8 out of 8, WELL DONE.