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Jose de Acosta ( 1539-1600 ) Historia natural y moral

Jose de Acosta ( 1539-1600 ) Historia natural y moral http://www.archive.org/details/historianaturaly01acos. William Bartram Used contemporary Creek Indians as analogs for interpreting prehistoric mound sites http://www.archive.org/details/travelsthroughno00bart. Bacon and Descartes

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Jose de Acosta ( 1539-1600 ) Historia natural y moral

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  1. Jose de Acosta (1539-1600) • Historia natural y moral • http://www.archive.org/details/historianaturaly01acos

  2. William Bartram • Used contemporary Creek Indians as analogs for interpreting prehistoric mound sites • http://www.archive.org/details/travelsthroughno00bart

  3. Bacon and Descartes • Observation, classification, and experimentation • Learned works of antiquity not ultimate source of knowledge • Royal Society of London influenced by these ideas • Founded in 1660 by Charles II • Originally titled, “The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge” • Oldest continuous scientific academy • Members of the Royal Society attempted to determine how • large stones were moved • monuments were constructed • stone tools were made.

  4. John Aubrey (1626-1697) • member of Royal Society • familiar with Baconian method • Studied Aveburystarting in 1649 and Stonehenge in 1663 • Monumenta Britannica and argued that the two sites were druid temples. Not published until the 1800s, but the manuscript was available for consultation. • “Comparative antiquities” • “to make the stones give evidence for themselves”

  5. William Stukeley (1687-1756) • Recognized that crop marks were archaeological features • Grouped monuments of similar form (like Aubrey) • Recognized long pre-Roman occupation • Different types of monuments might have been built at different times. • Attempted to determine relative dates for monuments with no historical record • Construction layers at SilburyHill • A Roman road swerved to avoid Silburyhill. • Roman roads cut through Bronze Age disc barrows. • Bluestone flakes were found in burials near stonehenge and reasoned that the interments were contemporary with the monument. • Stuckeley’s daughter dated the White Horse to pre-Roman based on similarities of the design to pre-Roman British coins. • Together with Edmond Halley they attempted to date stonehenge based on astronomical alignments

  6. Influenced by rationalism, antiquaires began developing approaches to document and date prehistoric remains. • Erik Pontoppidan (1744), Danish, recognized stratigraphy in burial mounds and ordered the interments in time. • Pierre Legrandd’Aussy (1737-1800) proposed a six period classification scheme from ancient to Middle Ages.

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