Chapter 20 Section 2 Literature, Language, and Law

1. Chapter 20 Section 2Literature, Language, and Law

2. Standards • S.S. 6.7.8 • Describe the legacies of Roman art and architecture, technology and science, literature, language, and law. • ELA Reading 6.2.7 • Make reasonable assertions about a text through accurate, supporting citations.

3. Anticipatory Set • What type of government do we have in the United States today? • Where do you think these ideas originated from?

4. Objective • Students will learn about the legacies of Roman literature, language, government, and law.

5. Language of the Discipline • Augustus • Patriotism • Virgil • Horace • Livy • Cicero • Oratory • Civil Law

6. Literature and Language(Input) • Greek remained the language of the Eastern Roman Empire • Educated Romans studied both languages • Scholars and philosophers often wrote in Greek, as did many Christian writers

7. A Golden Age of Latin Literature (Input) • The reign of Augustus began the golden age of literature in Latin • After years of civil war, the empire was a peace • Rome became the center for culture • Augustus was one who encouraged writers and artists • Roman writers followed Greek models (poetry, tragedies, comedies, and histories) • Patriotism, or a feeling of love and support for one’s country, was a common theme. • Patriotic writers described the glories of Roman history

8. A Golden Age of Latin Literature (Input)

9. The Poet Virgil (Input) • One of the greatest writers of this time was the poet Virgil • He wrote Aeneid • In the poem Aeneas embarks on a journey to the underworld to see his dead father. • His father shows him a vision of Rome • In Greek mythology Atlas was the god of heavy burdens • Zeus sentenced Atlas to carry the earth and the heavens on his shoulders forever

10. Other Roman Writers (Input) • Horace was another loved poet known for his collections of poems called odes • Some are about friendship, love, and everyday pleasures • Others gave advice • Livy wrote the Roman histories that were colorful and patriotic • They show heroes as Romans liked to see them • Cicero was famous for his oratory and essays. • Oratory is the art of making great speeches

11. Other Roman Writers (Input) • Cicero translated into Latin ideas and terms that were only expressed in Greek • He improved Latin • After the language died out, scholars in many countries used Latin to communicate with each other

12. The Legacy of Latin (Input) • Latin is far from being a dead language • Roman soldiers took their language to many parts of Europe • Latin replaced local languages and became a romance language • It is spoken in more than 40 countries

13. The Legacy of Latin (Input) • English is not a Romance language, but it has a Latin legacy • We use the Roman alphabet, and a few extra letters, to write English • Many English words are from Latin roots • Scientists still use Latin to give precise names to plants and animals

14. Roman Law and Government (Input) • The idea of democracy comes from the people of ancient Greece, yet no modern government is like Athens • The Romans greatly influenced modern political and legal systems

15. Republican Government (Input) • The founders of the United States greatly admired the Roman Republic • Just like the ancient Romans, American freed themselves from rule by a king • They believed people should rule themselves • The U.S. constitution borrowed ideas from Rome, like a • Republic form of government • System of checks and balances • The President had the power to veto laws

16. Citizenship (Input) • The Greeks invented the idea of citizenship, but limited it to those born in a city-state • The Romans granted citizenship to most people living across their empire • Women and slaves were excluded • Special laws were made for noncitizens • These made up the Roman “law of nations” • They became the basis for modern international law

17. The Rule of Law (Input) • The Sumerians created the first known law codes • The Romans took this law further by setting up a court system • Over time the civil law, or body of laws affecting citizens, grew • When the law code changed it was still based on a concept of justice • Justice comes from the Latin word meaning law

18. The Rule of Law (Input)(Input) • Roman law had the strongest influence in countries that were once Roman provinces • The modern codes of Italy, France, and Spain all had deep roots in Roman law • Laws were • People should not be punished for what they think • People should not be taken by force from their homes etc. (See pg. 577)

19. Check for Understanding • Please determine the BEST answer for the following question. • Please write your answer on your white boards and wait for the teacher’s signal. • On the teacher’s signal, hold up your white boards.

20. Checking for Understanding #1 Fill in the blank • The art of making great speeches is called a(n) _________________. • Oratory

21. Checking for Understanding #2 Answer the following question. • Who was one of the greatest writers of this time in Rome? • Virgil was one of the greatest writers of this time in Rome.

22. Checking for Understanding #3 Answer the following question. • What type of government did the United States borrow from the Romans? • The United States borrowed a republic form of government.

23. Guided Practice/Independent Practice • Guided Practice • Complete questions 1 - 2 on the reading comprehension worksheet. • Raise your hand and wait to get stamped. • If you received an “R” go to the back table with Ms. Graham. • Independent Practice • Once you have been stamped moved to independent practice and complete numbers 3and 4on the reading comprehension worksheet. • Homework • Note-taking guide on the reverse side.