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Simple tools for measuring households’ access to food and dietary diversity

Standing Committee on Nutrition: Working Together. Simple tools for measuring households’ access to food and dietary diversity. Bridging food security and nutrition. Marie Claude Dop Terri Ballard Amélie Solal-Céligny Gina Kennedy. FAO Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division

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Simple tools for measuring households’ access to food and dietary diversity

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  1. Standing Committee on Nutrition: Working Together Simple tools for measuring households’ access to food and dietary diversity Bridging food security and nutrition Marie Claude Dop Terri Ballard Amélie Solal-Céligny Gina Kennedy FAO Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division In collaboration with the Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA) Project, under the EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme

  2. Outline • The conceptual framework • Our approach • Description of the tools • Description of the project • Next steps

  3. The conceptual framework • Our approach • Description of the tools • Description of the project • Next steps

  4. 1. The conceptual framework Anthropometry Individual Dietary Diversity Household Dietary Diversity Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) Adapted from UNICEF conceptual framework for malnutrition

  5. The conceptual framework • Our approach • Description of the tools • Description of the project • Next steps

  6. 2- Our approach Our approach is to : • Use existing tools (not create new tools) • Promote standardization • Assist countries in adaptation of the tools to the local context • Identify entry points for integration into food security and nutrition information systems In order to : build capacity of national institutions to produce relevant food security and nutrition information for decision-making on a timely basis

  7. The conceptual framework • Our approach • Description of the tools • Description of the project • Next steps

  8. 3- Description of the tools Household Dietary Diversity Questionnaire • Expanded FANTA tool with 14 food groups • Indicator of access to food • Validated in a multicountry study against energy intake (Hodinott and Yohannes, 2002)

  9. 3- Description of the tools Individual Dietary Diversity Questionnaire • Adapted from DHS questionnaire to mothers of infants • 16 food groups • Indicator of dietary quality • Dietary diversity validated against nutrient adequacy in various age groups • On-going discussion on choice of food groups and interpretation

  10. 3- Description of the tools FANTA Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) 9 questions about food-related experiences of households when facing inadequate access to food • In the past 4 weeks, • did it happen that you or any household member had to eat some foods that you really did not want to eat because of lack of resources? • did it happen that you or any household member had to eat fewer meals in a day because there was not enough food? • did it happen that you or any household member went to sleep at night hungry because there was not enough food? The development of the tool is described in a Supplement of Journal of Nutrition, vol. 136, 2006

  11. 3- Description of the tools Potential uses: • situation and vulnerability assessments in contexts of chronic food insecurity or for early warning and Integrated Phase Classification • targeting communities for food security interventions • monitoring and evaluation of the impact of strategies and programmes, including at decentralized level → together with other indicators (not stand alone tools)

  12. 3- Description of the tools • Strengths: • early indicators • specific to food • easy to administer • easy to analyze at decentralized level • Limitations: • risk of biased responses due to expectation of aid • more validation needed in different contexts • Further work needed: • refinement of scoring and interpretation

  13. The conceptual framework • Our approach • Description of the tools • Description of the project • Next steps

  14. 4- Description of the project In 6 countries: Burkina Faso, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Somalia, West Bank/Gaza Strip • Build capacity for adaptation, translation and field testing of the tools for use in the individual countries • Consult with national and international organizations for integration of the tools in on-going information systems • In several countries, provide technical support for analysis and interpretation of data

  15. 4- Description of the project Country-level activities in 2006 • Kenya: Field adaptation done in August 2006. National stakeholder meeting in Nov. 2006. National team: Dr. Alice Mwangi and Ms. Gloria Mbera, University of Nairobi Applied Human Nutrition Programme with assistance of Ms. Muthoni Mwangi, FAO-Kenya and the Ministry of Agriculture. • Malawi: Field adaptation done in July 2006. National stakeholder meeting in Nov. 2006. National Team: Dr. Beatrice Mtimuni and Mr. Numeri Geresomo of the Bunda College of Agriculture, Home Economics and Human Nutrition Programme with assistance from the Ministry of Agriculture. • Mozambique: Field adaptation done in March 2006. Integration into baseline survey for BSF project, Nov/Dec 2006 National team: Ms. Kerry Selvester, ANSA, with assistance from personnel of provincial SETSAN offices.

  16. 4- Description of the project Planned country-level activities for 2007 • Burkina Faso: • Tools were integrated into an Agricultural survey in 2006. The project will provide technical support to Government for further applications of tools, for data analysis and interpretation of indicators. • Somalia: • Field adaptation of dietary diversity and HFIAS questionnaires for use in on-going monitoring and periodic assessments. Validation of Dietary Diversity against children’s and women’s anthropometry. • → Work to be done with FSAU-nutrition section • West Bank/Gaza Strip: • Capacity building in use of tools for rapid assessment on food insecurity in times of crisis.

  17. 4- Description of the project International Workshop on simple tools for measuring household access to food and dietary diversity Participants coming from 6 countries with ongoing projects under the EC/FAO Programme, including representatives of key line Ministries, FANTA Project and South Africa. Nairobi: March 21-23, 2007 → To discuss the tools and their integration into information systems

  18. The conceptual framework • Our approach • Description of the tools • Description of the project • Next steps

  19. 5- Next steps • Produce guidelines for adaptation, use, analysis and interpretation of the tools • Repeat survey in Mozambique to detect seasonal changes in food security using the tools • Continue collaboration with governments and international agencies for application of the tools • Introduce the tools into M&E of National Programmes for Food Security (NPFS)

  20. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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