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Understanding Carbon's Bonding and Organic Chemistry Basics

Learn about carbon's unique bonding, organic molecules, hydrocarbons, naming conventions, isomers, benzene properties, polymers, various organic compound classes, biochemical reactions, carbohydrate structures, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and functions in living organisms. Dive into the world of organic chemistry!

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Understanding Carbon's Bonding and Organic Chemistry Basics

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  1. Objectives Ch. 22 I.Explain Carbon’s unique bonding properties in terms of hybridization, and know the different allotropes of carbon. II.Define organic molecules and organic chemistry, be able to compare natural and synthetic organic compounds. III.Explain how hydrogen and carbon can form thousands of different compounds and discuss the properties of hydrocarbons. IV.Differentiate between structural, condensed structural, and molecular formulas for hydrocarbons Chem II

  2. Ch. 22 Objectives cont… V.  Use the IUPAC system to name various alkanes, alkenes, & alkynes. Including prefixes, numbers and branch nomenclature. VI.Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, state their general formulas and be able to draw structural formulas. VII.Explain conformations and structural isomers. Be able to recognize and draw structural isomers for a given compound. Be able to write formulas for cycloalkanes. VIII.Discuss the properties of benzene, its unique bonding, and its function in a variety of organic compounds. IX. Define the term polymers and discuss their importance in living things and in modern society. Chem II

  3. Ch. 22 Objectives cont… X.Explain how several classes of organic compounds can be derived from hydrocarbons. XI.Identify the differences among halocarbons, alcohols, and ethers and be able to write formulas and draw structural models for each. Mr. Seaney….. Hey XII.Be able to name halocarbons, alcohols, and ethers and compare their properties. XIII.Compare and contrast aldehydes and ketones and be able to write formulas and draw structural models for each. XIV.Be able to name aldehydes and ketones and compare their properties. Chem II

  4. Ch. 22 Objectives cont… XV.  Compare and contrast carboxylic acids and esters and be able to write formulas, and draw structural models for each. XVI.  Be able to name carboxylic acids and esters and compare their properties. XVII.  Compare and contrast amines and amides and be able to write formulas and draw structural models for each. XVIII.  Be able to name amines and amides and compare their properties. Chem II

  5. Ch. 22 Objectives cont… XIX. Explain why the sun is the ultimate source of energy for life on Earth XX.  Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration XXI.  Explain how energy is stored and used in biochemical reactions. XXII.  Describe the chemical composition and structure of carbohydrates Compare starch, cellulose and simple sugars. XXIII   Explain optical and stereo isomers and give examples. XXIV.  Distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and Polysaccharides, and explain the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydroloysis. Chem II

  6. Ch. 22 Objectives cont… XXV.  Describe the chemical composition and structures of lipids, and distinguish between fats, oils, and waxes. XXVI.  Describe functions of phospholipids and steroids. XXVII. Describe the chemical composition and structures of proteins and differentiate between the types of protein structures XXVIII. Describe the chemical composition, structure, and functions of nucleic acids. Compare RNA to DNA in terms of function and structure. XXIX. Describe the functions of m-RNA, t-RNA, and r-RNA in protein synthesis. Chem II

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