Advancing Study on Paleo-Channels in Sangam and Kurushetra Areas

1. Progress on Studies Carried out fordelineation of palaeo-channels in SANGAM AREA, ALLAHABAD, UTTAR PRADESHandKURUSHETRA AREA, HARYANA

2. The word paleo-channel is formed from the words “paleo” or “old,” and channel; i.e., a paleo-channel is an old channel. Paleo-channels are deposits of unconsolidated sediments or semi-consolidated sedimentary rocks deposited in ancient, currently inactive river and stream channel systems. Palaeo-channels are often with good ground water potential because of channel-lag deposits which are coarse and generally holds good quality ground water, because they often belong o active recharge system

3. The deposits in palaeo chanels often make potential aquifers which can be used for societal benefits if sustainably managed. • Detail understanding of the following four aspects needs detailed understanding before we take up any ground water development plan. • 1. Path of paleo-channels- their geometry. • 2. Volume of ground water available. Its recharge mechanism and extent • 3. Quality of ground water in the palaeo-channels vis a vis the sorrounding areas • 4. Age of ground water- holding water of river age ar new recharge.

4. ALLAHABAD DISTRICT, UP

5. Activities taken up by CGWB during last three weeks • Collection of samples for detail chemical analyses • Interpretation of chemical analyses data • Sampling for isotope analyses by BARC • Interpretation of Isotope analyses data. • VES Study and interretation • Interpretation of remotely sensed data, ASTER, LISS III • Steps for Heliborne Geophysical Survey, satellite imagery interpretation,

6. Water Quality Sample Locations and Area covered under Vertical Electrical Sounding SAMPLES COLLECTED FOR BASIC ANALYSIS = 22 SAMPLES COLLECTED FOR TRITIUM ANALYSIS = 9 SAMPLES COLLECTED FOR O18 ANALYSIS = 9 SAMPLES COLLECTED FOR DEUTRIUM ANALYSIS = 9 VERTICAL ELECTRIC SOUNDING AT 20 SITES

7. Water quality analytical data, major parameters, Allahabad area

8. Water quality analytical data, trace element, Allahabad area

9. Water Quality Analysis in Piper Plot

10. ISOTOPE ANALYSIS AT GANGA YAMUNA CONFLUENCE– BY BARC Oxygen-18 of Saraswati Koop water falls between Ganga and Yamuna river indicating source of the water of this koop is other than Ganga and Yamuna. Oxygen-18 content of Sangam (Triveni) water is enriched than Ganga but, depleted than Triveni. Isotope analyses is partially completed. Analyses of deuterium and tritium is under progress

11. Location of Vertical Electrical Sounding • In total 20 VES has been carried out • Maximum spread 600 m • Maximum depth of interpretation 150m

12. SECTION (A - B): Based on interpreted results of VES3, VES4, VES5, VES6, VES7, VES8, VES9, VES12 &VES14 B A

13. ASTER (Advanced Space Borne Thermal Emission & Reflection) data Spatial Resolution – 30 mts A river channel is observed between Ganga and Yamuna river

14. LISS-III DATA OF THE GANGA – YAMUNA CONFLUENCE (AFTER SHARPENING THE IMAGE) Spatial Resolution -23.5 mts

15. LISS -III DATA OF THE GANGA – YAMUNA CONFLUENCE (SOBEL VERT FILTER) Spatial Resolution -23.5 mts

16. Geological section drawn along A- B section • Indicating hardrock in south of Yamuna river • In the northern parts alternate sequence of clay and sand is observed. • Between Ganga and Yamuna there is one isolated aquifer at a depth of about 60 mbgl

17. under NAQUIM Programme a project is being formulated to carry out multi-moment Heli TEM surveys covering the parts of the Ganga – Yamuna Doab region, targeting the Allahabad area to delineate the underlying aquifers and palaeo-channel. A meeting held with the NGRI team leader. • Process has been initiated for a special study in the area using remote sensing technology with NRSC Hyderabad for delineation of palaeo-channels. • A MOU is under finalisation with BARC for detailed environmental isotope analyses of ground water/surface waters for the study.

18. KURUSHETRA DISTRICT, HARYANA

19. KURUSHETRA DISTRICT, HARYANA Saraswati and its tributary in the northern Haryana PLACE WHERE RIVER SARASWATI ORIGINATED, ADI BADRI, YAMUNANAGAR

20. Activities taken up by CGWB during last three weeks • Collection of samples for detail chemical analyses • Interpretation of chemical analyses data • Sampling and analyses of water samples for isotope analyses by BARC • VES Study • Exploratory drilling at two sites in Kurushetra area • Pipli site – Pilot hole Drilling completed upto 160 mbgl • Challon, Pehowa – Pilot hole drilling upto 114 mbgl completed. Reaming under progress

21. SAMPLING FOR CHEMICAL AND ISOTOPE ANALYSES SAMPLES COLLECTED FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS = 22 SAMPLES COLLECTED FOR TRITIUM ANALYSIS = 5 SAMPLES COLLECTED FOR O18 ANALYSIS = 5 SAMPLES COLLECTED FOR DEUTRIUM ANALYSIS = 5

22. Drilling site at Pipli Drilling site at Chhallon, near Pehowa

23. Lithological log of CGWB bore well at Pehowa

24. GROUND WATER SAMPLING IN KURUSHETRA

25. Water quality data, Kurushetra- Pehowa area

26. Water Quality Analysis

27. Geophysical Studies • Geo-electrical Resistivity Profiling: • 2 (two) numbers of GRP were conducted in N –S direction • Vertical Electrical Sounding: • 6 (six) numbers of VES were conducted in the area to correlate the resistivity values with available lithological information • Indicates good probability of presence of buried channel in deeper depth at the stations. • Schlumberger Profiling conducted in the area also indicates the presence of buried channel. • The VES results conducted at “High” locations indicated the deposit of coarser sediments in the bottom part of second layer which lies in the depth range of 60 to 100 meters below ground level which may be the depth of the buried channel

28. THANKS