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The Church: One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic - Unity, Diversity, and Ecumenism

This section explores the unity of the Church, the bonds that hold it together, and the threats to that unity. It also delves into the wounds to unity caused by heresy, schism, and the Protestant Reformation. The importance of ecumenism and the efforts to restore unity among Christians are also discussed.

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The Church: One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic - Unity, Diversity, and Ecumenism

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  1. Section 2: The Church (4 Parts) Is One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic (pp. 62-123)

  2. Section 2, Part 1 The Church Is One (pp. 62-78)

  3. Introduction (p. 62) • The four marks of the Church • Mark—essential vs. non feature/character. • Which mark here • Sources of unity • Unity, uniformity, and diversity • Bonds of unity • Threats to unity • Overcoming threats and effects • 4 Articles • (A. 16) -- The First Mark of the Church • (A. 17) -- Bonds of Unity • (A. 18) -- Wounds to Unity • (A. 19) -- Ecumenism

  4. Article 16: The First Mark of the Church (pp. 63-65) Define Marks of the Church One Church or multiple ? • Biblical evidence and tradition • Historical contradiction • Explain how/if lost an essential feature Sources of the Church’s Unity • Holy Trinity--a two way street with the Church • Father—Call of creation • Jesus—Paschal Mystery • Holy Spirit—Mystical Body of Christ • SS, Trad, & Magisterium (esp. papacy—successor, shepherd, vicar, servant,…) Unity in uniformity or diversity • Equal or identical • St. Paul and Pope Paul VI on diversity and unity • Examples of the many faces of diversity Liturgy as a special example Greatest threat to unity and individuality/diversity Implications for your life; your thoughts

  5. Article 17: The Bonds of Unity (pp. 66-69) • Unity is retained • Visible—faith, worship, & leadership … • Invisible—greatest? Unity of Faith • Creeds (how a visible sign of unity?; of what?) • Nicene Creed (4th century) • Councils of Nicaea & Constantinople; Arianism • Apostles Creed (200 ad) • Simple Roman baptismal statement; Gnosticism • Other sources • Catechism, Bible, Canon Law, schools, parishes…

  6. Article 17: Bonds of Unity cont. (pp. 66-69) Article 17 Unity of Worship • Worship unites us especially the seven Sacraments • Eucharist – sign and instrument = Sacrament • Word, Thanksgiving, Consecration, Communion, Petitions, Penitential • Other examples (Taize, …) Unity of Leadership • Bishops in union with Pope • Apostolic Succession – authority from apostles through Holy Orders (direct line through laying on of hands to Jesus) Why can’t all Christians receive the Eucharist?

  7. Homework • Read pp. 70-78 (AA. 18-19) • P. 78; 1-4 • Looking ahead… • HW 2.1 due Wednesday (p. 78; 1-8) • Q 2.1 Wednesday (pp. 62-78; AA. 16-19)

  8. Article 18: Wounds to Unity (pp. 70-74) Article 18 Heresy • Contemporary society and truth (diversity/relativism) • Define heresy • Greek etymology Schism • Definition • Examples (Assyrian [Syria]; Oriental or Coptic [Egypt], Eastern, Greek, and Russian Orthodox Churches) • History of the Eastern Schism—Pope Leo & Patriarch Michael • Excommunication vs. ecumenism • Close but not full communion The Church of Christ subsists or exists in the Catholic Church • What, where, and why?

  9. Article 18: Wounds to Unity cont. (pp. 70-74) Article 18 The Protestant Reformation • 16th breaks over practices • Martin Luther (German priest, monk, & SS scholar) • Indulgences, Papal Authority—Lutherans • “Protestant” from Peace of Augsburg • John Calvin and Calvinism—more radical • Henry VIII and Anglicanism • Protestant Theological principles • Sola Scriptura (sacramental implications) • Sola Gratia (faith and works) • Catholic or Counter Reformation • Later breaks (Protestant family tree) from original three • Ecumenical efforts • Week of Prayer for Christian Unity—Jan 18th -25th

  10. Article 19: Ecumenism (pp. 74-78) Article 19 Catholic / Christian distinction • Bible, life of grace, faith, hope love, Gifts of the Holy Spirit • Fullness of salvation rests in the fullness of truth in Catholic Church; seeds and elements are found in others • “Ecclesial communities” • Lack seven valid sacraments, apostolic succession, Tradition, central hierarchy Eastern Orthodox Church • Not in full communion but very close • Apostolic succession and seven sacraments • But does not recognize the full authority of the Pope • V II. Decree on Ecumenism – all baptized are brought in union as brothers and sisters in Christ, though imperfectly

  11. Article 19: Ecumenism cont. (pp. 74-78) Article 19 The Ecumenical Movement • Ecumenism is the effort to restore unity among Christians • Immediate Goals • Better mutual understanding--DIALOGUE • Cooperate in various fields • Ultimate Goal—Pope JP II • Return all Christians to visible unity and full communion • Church fully committed—Vatican II Decree on Ecumenism • Professional and non-professional work needed • 1965 dialogue between Pope Paul VI and Athenagoras I • JP II on martyrdom in Ut Unum Sint • Theology of martyrdom—Oscar Romero, Martin Luther King Jr., Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Elizabeth of Russia, Lucian Tapiedi, … • Daily evangelical attitude—know, be open, and listen

  12. Article 19: Ecumenism cont. (pp. 74-78) Article 19 Essential Elements of the Movement Toward Unity Holiness through constant renewal Conversion of the heart Praying for unity with other traditions Deepening knowledge of other traditions Ecumenical method formation, especially clergy Ecumenical dialogue and meeting of theologians as well as non-professionals Collaboration in ministries of service to humanity

  13. Homework • P. 78; 5-8 • HW 2.1 (p. 78; 1-8) due tomorrow • Q 2.1 (pp. 62-78; AA. 16-19) tomorrow

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