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PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

The World of Software Development. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES. Procedural to Object Oriented. Global Communication. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES. Space-Travelers. Machine Language is the only language understood by computers!. PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS. Communication.

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PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

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  1. The World of Software Development PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES Procedural to Object Oriented Global Communication

  2. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES Space-Travelers Machine Language is the only language understood by computers!

  3. PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS Communication • Comparison of Business and Scientific Languages • Programming Language Hierarchy • Major Business Languages • Concepts of Object-Oriented Languages • Language Translators

  4. LANGUAGE COMPARISON • Business • High Input/Output (I/O) • Lower Logic • Scientific • Low Input/Output (I/O) • Higher Logic

  5. MACHINE LANGUAGE The Only Way in the Beginning!

  6. LANGUAGE HEIRARCHY What is at the top? • PROCEDURAL LANGUAGES • FORTRAN • BASIC • COBOL • PASCAL • PL/1 • ADA

  7. LOW LEVEL LANGUAGES • ASSEMBLY • MACHINE Wire or Embed Instructions into chips

  8. OBJECT-ORIENTED LANGUAGES • C and C++ • Visual Basic ( Microsoft) • PowerBuilder (PowerSoft) • Java (Sun Microsystems and Microsoft)

  9. RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT(RAD) • Visual Basic (Most Popular 1998 +) • PowerBuilder (Most Popular in mid 1996-’97) Streamline Development

  10. PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE OF COBOL

  11. PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE OF COBOL • LANGUAGE COMPARISON • COBOL, ASSEMBLY, MACHINE

  12. PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE OF COBOL Grace Hopper Photo Major Creator of the COBOL Language for the World of Business

  13. PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE OF COBOL Hopper’s Sense of Humor! “Look at COBOL; it’s a universal language. I mean you have COBOL in Japanese, a totally different language in all respects to English. What happened is that through COBOL the English verbs and connecting words have gone around the world. No matter what language you speak, if you understand COBOL, you can communicate. . . . I’ll tell you a story that illustrates how it can work. I got left behind in a Japanese installation with no one who spoke English. They were wonderful to me. The made coffee, took me to the ladies room, but I wanted to get back to my hotel. Unfortunately, they couldn’t understand me. Finally, I remembered COBOL, and the universality of the English verbs and connecting words structure of COBOL So I said: ‘Move’ (pointing to myself). ‘Goto’ Osaka Hotel. It worked! I got back to my hotel using simple COBOL commands that the Japanese understood.”

  14. PROCEDURAL VERSUS OBJECT-ORIENTED • Procedural • A set of specific instructions • Executed one after another (in sequence--sequential) • Proceed through a series of screens • Object-oriented • Event-driven • Interactive • Reusable software components

  15. C++ PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE • Superset of “C” Programming Language • Fully supports Object-Oriented Programming • Fosters Interactive “Event-Driven” approach to computer programming • Language choice for more than an estimated one-million developers worldwide for very technical development such as required by networks.

  16. VISUAL BASIC 1. A Windows Application 2. Event-Driven Language 3. Rapid Application Development (RAD) 4. Supports Object-Oriented Programming 5. Uses Windows GUI (Graphical User Interface) 6. Supports Active-X Internet Components 7. Supports database front-end programming

  17. JAVA • Designed for programs running on the Internet • Graphics and Multimedia • Platform Independent (Portable Applets) • Multithreading (Perform multiple activities in parallel) • Requires Strong Programming Skills

  18. JAVA • Designed for Commercial Use • Sun Microsystems • Microsoft • Multimedia Capabilities • Images • Animation • Audio • Video

  19. ADA PROGAMMING LANGUAGE • Named after Lady ADA Lovelace • Sponsored by the D.O.D. (Department of Defense) • Used primarily for: • Scientific and Engineering Applications • Embedded systems aboard aircraft and missiles • Business use • Banking ATM machines

  20. ADA • ADA ADVANTAGES • Standardized • Machine Independent (Portable) • Multi-tasking • ADA ORIGIN • Derived from PASCAL language • Mandated by D.O.D. 1984 for all mission critical defense projects

  21. LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS Translators and Compilers

  22. LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS COMPILER • Source Program is Translated • Produced Object Program (Machine Language) • Saved in Executable format to Disk

  23. LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS INTERPRETER • Translates and Executes one Source Statement at a time • No Object Program is Generated

  24. LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS Can you Discern the Difference?

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