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Basics of Human Anatomy & Physiology

Explore the fundamentals of human anatomy and physiology in this comprehensive guide by Dr. Bipin Patel. Learn about different types of anatomy, levels of organization, vital properties of living organisms, and the functions of 11 organ systems. Dive into the specifics of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, and other key systems, understanding their structures and interactions for body function.

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Basics of Human Anatomy & Physiology

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  1. Basics of Human Anatomy & Physiology For PGDMLT Dr. Bipin Patel

  2. Anatomy • The art of separating the parts of an organism in order to study their position, relations, & structure .

  3. Types of anatomy • Microscopic anatomy • Cytology-internal structure of cells • Histology-study of tissues (groups of cells) • Gross anatomy • Surface anatomy • Regional anatomy • Systemic anatomy

  4. Gross anatomy • Surface anatomy-anatomy that we can see at the surface of the body (everyday life) • Regional anatomy-complete anatomy (internal) of a specific region of the body (learning every blood vessel, muscle, bones, etc. in the arm)-medical school • Systemic anatomy-the body is divided into 11 organ systems

  5. Physiology • A branch of biology that deals with the functions & activities of life or of living matter (as organs, tissues, or cells) & of the physical & chemical phenomena involved. • How does a cell/organ work? • function • The anatomy (shape/position/structure) of an structure is designed to fulfill it’s function (physiology).

  6. Levels of Organization

  7. Levels of Organization • Chemicals-elements & molecules • Cells-the subunits of an organism • Tissues-collection of similar types of cells • Organs-collection of tissues (not all the same type) –has a specific function • Organ systems-many organs working together to carry out bodily functions • Organism-a individual living being

  8. Chemical level

  9. Vital properties and process of living organisms • Responsiveness • Growth & Differentiation • Reproduction • Movement • Metabolism & Excretion • Homeostasis

  10. Systemic anatomy • The body has 11 organ systems • Each organ system has a number of organs within the system • Each organ has a specific function • The organs work together to give the organ system its function

  11. Functions of the 11 organ systems • Integumentary- protection from the environment, helps control body temperature, energy storage • Skeletal- support, protection of soft tissues, mineral storage, blood cell formation • Muscular- locomotion, support posture, heat production------skeletal muscle

  12. Functions of the 11 organ systems • Nervous- directing immediate responses to stimuli by coordinating the actions of other organs • Endocrine- directing long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems by release of hormones • Cardiovascular- internal transport of cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, & gases

  13. Functions of the 11 organ systems • Lymphatic- defense against infection & disease • Respiratory- delivery of air to where gas exchange can occur between the air & circulating blood • Digestive- processing of food & absorption of organic nutrients, minerals, vitamins, & water

  14. Functions of the 11 organ systems • Urinary- elimination of excess water, salts, & waste products; controls pH of body fluids • Reproductive- production of sex cells & hormones

  15. Surface anatomy

  16. Nervous System • Main Parts • Brain • Nerves • Spinal cord

  17. Nervous System • Functions • Controls all body’s functions • Senses and recognizes information from inside and outside of the body

  18. What it helps you do… • Move • Sense things from the environment • And much more!

  19. Interactions with other systems: • All systems – helps keep the systems functioning

  20. Integumentary (Skin) System • Function • 1st line of defense against disease • Helps maintain body temperature • Keeps fluids inside • Main Parts • Skin • Sweat glands • Hair • nails

  21. What it helps you do… • Helps you maintain fluids (don’t dehydrate) • Helps you know your environment by feeling things around you • Protect organs • Remove waste

  22. Interactions with other systems… • Works with the excretory and the immune system to help remove cellular waste and protect us from disease.

  23. Skeletal System: Parts & Function Main parts: • Bones • Cartilage • Connective Tissue Function: • Helps supportyour body parts • Helps support your body during movement • Helps protect your major organs: • Skull protects the brain • Sternum and ribs protects the heart and lungs • Vertebra protect the spinal cord

  24. Skeletal System • Support and protectbody parts. • Helps maintain homeostasis • Makes red bloodcells (red bone marrow)

  25. Skeletal System Interactions • Works with the muscular system to help you move.

  26. Three types of muscles found in the body: • Cardiac muscle – found in the heart • Skeletal muscle – attaches to the bones • Smooth muscle – lines GI Tract and vessels.

  27. Muscular System • Function • Helps you move. • Moves materials through the body • Main parts • Muscles • Tendons • Ligaments • Muscles in organs

  28. Muscular Systems help you… • Helps you move • Helps you move materials through the body • Maintain homeostasis • Skeletal muscles work in pairs: one contracts and the other returns to its original length.

  29. Interactions with other systems • Works with the skeletal system to help you move by your muscles pulling on your bones. • Works with the nervous system and controls the types of movements: voluntary (under your control – ex: talking) and involuntary (NOT under your control – ex: heartbeat)

  30. Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System • Function • Carries blood and nutrients to the cells of the body • Carries waste away from the cells, such as carbon dioxide. • Main Parts • Heart • Blood (made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells & platelets) • Veins • Arteries

  31. What it helps you do… • Arteries help carry oxygenated blood away from the heart • Veins carry un-oxygenated blood toward the heart • Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. Gas exchange takes place here.

  32. Interactions with other systems: • Works with the respiratory system to help you transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. • Works with the excretory to help remove waste from the body. • Works with the digestive system to transport nutrients. • Works with the muscular system to help circulate nutrients.

  33. Respiratory System • Function • Puts oxygen into the body & removes Carbon dioxide • Main parts • Lungs • Nasal passages • Throat • Nose

  34. What it helps you do… • Breathe • Sustain life

  35. Interactions with other systems: • Circulatory – transports vital materials to the cells

  36. Digestive System • Main parts: • Mouth • Esophagus • Stomach • Liver • Pancreas • Small intestines • Large intestines • Rectum

  37. Digestive System • Function • Takes food & breaks it down into nutrients the body needs

  38. What it helps you do… • It provides nutrients to your body’s cells

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